ARISEN GRAVEYARD

How oft it is when men die that death may die at the point of grave.Should there be mercy that it may flee abode at their keepers wrath.O that truth may come from its den as a lion that it may speak that my sordid and blisful pen brutal than death and merry as sweet as the lollipop and mercurial as the day.Graveyard that hath sucked my uncle's bone dry as the sanddunes hath been impuissant to transit him dead bone into the graveyard.To behold that my pen hath tucked the graveyard beneath his foot so death's pale flag emasculated him ere his transition into the yard of silence.O graveyard,earnest brute of the heaven's moisture speakest thou foul to give up his carcass for the resting place.O what more favour can my pen do to recalcitrate him sheol.Is such axiom so crimson in thy lips to utter and swallow in thy guttural?Depart again death as brute as my pen sallow;for the grave shall not have my uncle's recumbence to the yonder beneath.Now will i lay myself with everlasting life to ferry comfortable comfort,

THE FUNDAMENTAL ECONOMICS OF MARSOLISM.PART 2

In the marsolist fundamental economics,being the primordial basis of marsolist of economics,there are basically ten theories to be considered.They include the theory of the firm,the theory of the consumer,the theory of the market,the theory of the society,the theory of ideology,the theory of history and the theory of culture otherwise known as the theory of existence.The strategic interaction this true theory of the market system speaks volume of the fundamental theory of the market system and the theory of human welfare and theory of price system,the theory of time and theory of price time investment.Understanding these 12theories differently creates ordinarily strategic ease of passage into the goldenage economy.The purpose of humaneconomy wouldsoonexpand until itreaches a stable climatewhen it will then bedriven by ridiculous contempt of welfare.Degrading profitmotive andthe maximisation of profit motivetocitewelfarism asthemost realisticpurpose of theoryofthe firmwouldsoonbe proven beyond a reasonaldoubt

MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS REDEFINED AND FIRM'S VALUE.PART 3

its research and development personel to engage in development of new products vital to further grow total revenues.However,it is a logical disservice to the ingenuous method of inventive art to accrue the determinants of a firm's value as shown in the last equation to equal the equation.That the value of i depends on the riskiness of the firm as shown in chapter 15;and conditions of the capital markets as shown in chapter 16.That the values of TRt depends on:1.)demand and forecasting noted in chapters 3-6;pricing as shown in chapters 11-14;and new product development in chapter 8.That values of TCt determine by 1.)production techniques shown in chapters 7-10;2.)cost functions in chapter 9;and 3.)process development.Hence,Mansfield concluded a firm's value depends on factors influencing TRt,TCt and i and the allied constraints.While it is necessary to realise that the constraint factors it faces endear it to explore optimised innovative techniques should ordinarily create leverage for its continue existence.

MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS REDEFINED AND FIRM'S VALUE.PART 2

That the profit equals total revenue(TR)minus total cost(TC) as expressed in the equation =£n,t=1TRt-TCt%(1+i)t.where TRt is firm's totat revenue in year t and TCt total cost in year t.We might query this equation logically as abnittio as apriori.Does it not amount to a blunder of strategic analysis to suggest managers and workers'capability in influencing a firm's value in an astray lacking the mettle to evaluate the possibility and probability of all revenue options available to firms in the marketplace?Is it positive or negative?if positive then it maystrive to reduce its cost and huge gap can be witnessed b\w two curves-cost curve and profit curve.There is a limit to which its marketing managers and sales reps can go to grow total revenues,neither its production managers nor its engineers to practically reduce cost budget to the barest minimum.Not to demystify the velocity of ratio at which capital is procured in the marketplace that is determine by price time investment.Though it's desirable for its

MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS REDEFINED AND FIRMS'VALUE.PART 1

We redefined the context of managerial economics and charts a new dawn in the academic appraisal of firm's vavalue In the book Managerial Economics by Edwin Mansfield,methinks we quite agree that in theory of firm,firm generally tends to maximise their value and has control over its value and can set at any level it chooses contrary to mansfield irrespective of constraints.Constraint factors on the limitation of value such as limitation of input factor,related capacity constraints in respect of procurement of materials,human resources,specialised equipments,timing of expansion,dearth of technology,legal and contractual constraints and taxes.They can limit the cashflow or ratio of profit it can generate and constraint on a firm's actions main analytical relevant techniques for this problems are contained in constrained techniques like linear programming etc.A firm's value is defined as the present value of expected future cash flow and as expressed in the equation=#1%1+i+#2%(1+i)2+....+#n%(1+i)n=£nt=1%(1+i)t.where # is expected profit in year t,i is interest rate and t moves from1(next year)to n(last year of planning spot)

JIM CROW.CHAPTER 2.PAGE 6

to When They Call You A Terrorist:A Black Lives Matter Memoir by Patrisse Khan-Cullors and Asha bandele,it seems the lot of blacks is to go jail as captured by most fictions in the review.They boast of no good memoirs,dry of intellectual freedom,throwing in the towel and mostly disinterested in celebrating the great black inventiveness.You went to Tuskegee like Dad and you inspire me too including my son,what efforts did Tuskegites of your generation make to change the statusquo?Have you documented your own personal experiences too?I Think Dad did not`'i told him same thing and was reluctant lamented we were defeated race,that anything you do will not be appreciated.I documented my experience and i could tell my best experience with him.Do you know your dad died as a result of vietnam war?''You mean what,did he go to vietnam?'Of course we fought together in the samefront at Saigon.''Jesus he didnt say a thingbut i only saw him wear military uniform when he said it was just a cameo''No,he served for 20years.

JIM CROW.CHAPTER 2.PAGE 5

New People,a novel by Danzy Senna a suspense thriller follows story of biracial Maria a New Yorker,a research scholar,entrepreneur seemingly living the perfect life.And then she questions the dreary notions of defined expectations and interested in black narratives not conforming to expected script.''Dont be silent about Ta-Nehisi Coates author of We Were Eight Years In Power.A collection of Coates essays about race and history and power during Obama's presidency.He also wrote Between the World and Me''The book is part of review here too.Jesmyn Ward wrote Sing,Unburied,Sing an award winning novel draws inspiration from experience of family facingthe embattled choiceof racial dynamics in the americansouth about 13year jojo and hismother Leonie road trip to pick up his father in Mississipi.When you explore the contents of these books from Why am no longer talking about race to white people by Reni Eddo Lodge;Dear Martin by Nic Stone;This Will Be My Undoing by Morgan Jerkins;An American Marriage by Tayari Jones

JIM CROW.CHAPTER 2.PAGE 4

The Six African Americans Who Escaped slavery and became Millionaires in America.''U have read Thick:And Other Essays by Tressie?''Nope,you mean Tressie McMillan Cottom''Yea,a collection of essays on black female experience in america.''I Love Ghost Boys,by Jewell Parker Rhodes.Jerome main protagonist was killed a fate similar to Tamir Rice a 12year old massacred in 2014 in Cleveland.The murder is done by officer who confuses toy gun for real gun.He moves round as a ghost meets Emmett Till 14 year black teen murdered in 1955 and later also meets Sarah,police officer's daughter and try to uncover sources of Jerome's death.''Danez Smith's Poetry collection Dont Call Us Dead is particularly inspiring.It treats black challenges,hostile environment they operate opens the poetry with'Summer somewhere'a 25page long elegy imagines paradise for black boys murdered by police brutality.Angie Thomas wrote The Hate U Give a New York Times Best seller.It tells the story of Starr Carter a sweet little sixteen trying to

JIM CROW.CHAPTER 2.PAGE 3

was written in Reynold's neat voice drew inspiration from previous book by kendi.''Franklin said it 'condenses kendi's expansive nonfiction masterpiece''exactly,entitled Stamped from the beginning:The Definitive History of Racist ideas in America.About 10chapters of 246pages.You have none on your shelf''Excerpt for the joint publication,i dont have the rest.See papa,i stumbled on many books so far written on antiracism and black freedom.'Like what?'Colson Whitehead wrote Pulitzer prize winning novel'The Nickel Boys'published by Penguin Random house.'Was it not the novel written on real life reform school in Florida where boys weremurdered andregularly beaten for a good century?'Yea,it focuses on Elwood Curtis a blackteen.''Yea,but he wrongly ends up in nickel academy,a fictional academy.'You know Curtis,he had friendship with Jack Turner,another black student.Cast in 1960s both faced the tragic reality of being a black boy in america.''I love Shomari Wills,author of'Black Fortunes:The Story of the First Six

JIM CROW.CHAPTER 2.PAGE 2

addiction''Oh my late dad's bossom,fellow Tuskegite,i knew it was you.I told my wife to get down to meet you.Are you back from beverly's and detroit now and done with automobiles?''Long ago,3years now but got no pension.They decided to remove blacks from payroll pension.'shook head as he listened to the weary Tuskegite.'Racist policies everywhere deliberately to deny blacks their dues.Yet prejudices fly with racism and bar people from talking about it''Exactly you get the gist.Ibram X.Kendi a black man,award winning scholar in the study of history of racist ideas published in 2019 How to Be an Antiracist,wrote about it.''Oh you've read that too.''Yea''he said america needs transparent self reflection and critical thinking otherwise americans who swear theyare not racists continue to hold and support racist policies.Therefore in the book,heshows how to be antiracist.''Youre right Ibram Kendi also teamed up withyoung Jason Reynolds to write and publish Stamped:Racism,Antiracism and You.''Youknow that samebook

JIM CROW.CHAPTER 2.PAGE 1

Joe louis door was knocked by old man and forced by spouse to attend to the strange knocks.'i can hear dreary knocks downstairs?You re much concerned about books and dead to fungi and matters around you.''she complained.'And you think so?'Why didnt you hearthat knock?''Go downstair andattend to it.Bring upthe old man to thepassage and i'll bein the library in a jiffy.ok.''She stood upin her pyjama and the eyebrows she raised and the pat,woke him up in the new day.He continued with the last 17 books,reviewed on Mashable in an essay written by M.J.Franklin documented books by black authors shaping race relation in america.Franklin had said in the essay's intro entitled:17 books by black authors that are shaping our conversation about race'sometimes the best way to understand the world around us is to pick up a book'He was more interestedinthe powerofthe booksbeing thehiddentruthaboutthe environment man deserts.Theold man smiles sheepishly opening library door and commended him:Big joe you're back to your very

UNFUNDED TAX CUT

New Prime minister recently took over power in Britain on Monday after he met endorsement of over 100members of parliament in accordance to rules of 1922 committee.Rishi Sunak,the first asian and firsthindu british prime minister and youngest prime minister in 200years at age 42.After he was approved by the Monarchy,the superrich banker and former chancellor who served Brexiteer Boris Johnson,the people's choice for two years took over no.10.Downing Street in a bigbang 44 days after Liz Truss the late Regina Windsor's last choice as PM resigned.I keep wondering still uncomfortable albeit my imponderables,what has come over Britain that they have 3 prime ministers,in two and a half years,3home secretaries and 3 chancellors during the same period?Is it that they also lack capable hands to handle purely economic matters as it were since 1832 when Robert Peel became first democratically elected prime minister after the great reform act of 1832 or ever since Walpole became the first prime minister and gallantly

BROTHER'S KEEPER.SONNET 4

New Prime minister recently took over power in Britain on Monday after he met endorsement of over 100members of parliament in accordance to rules of 1922 committee.Rishi Sunak,the first asian and firsthindu british prime minister and youngest prime minister in 200years at age 42.After he was approved by the Monarchy,the superrich banker and former chancellor who served Brexiteer Boris Johnson,the people's choice for two years took over no.10.Downing Street in a bigbang 44 days after Liz Truss the late Regina Windsor's last choice as PM resigned.I keep wondering still uncomfortable albeit my imponderables,what has come over Britain that they have 3 prime ministers,in two and a half years,3home secretaries and 3 chancellors during the same period?Is it that they also lack capable hands to handle purely economic matters as it were since 1832 when Robert Peel became first democratically elected prime minister after the great reform act of 1832 or ever since Walpole became the first prime minister and gallantly

BROTHER'S KEEPER.SONNET 3

brood of moses and kith'n`kin of Joseph Laniyan's whose daisy kick a centurion's evening toss had passed beyond annals'kismetic handikraft.Literati Moses as well as her jolly comfort,supplanted in the mercurial sanddunes from turbulent abnittio across the median trudges fallen in the wilderness,whereon mothernature assumed parentage to aid bewildered kinsmen navigate last vestige of virulent memoirs.Heypresto Abraham and Jonathan struck blackgold from the beaches of sanddunes.Bravo,gnomes in zurich kinsmen partying in eulogy of mothernature and abraham's kinsfolks globetrottersacross thegluts.Sunny times'bliss,glowing the leagueand tepid sun interred in the median passage as the purple birthirradiatedthe junglesof deforested sands ofsahara,pack of wolves,feeding the scavengesof fallen dreams.Agolden troth of brother's keepers' wedlock,who can divorcethee?There miscarriages of broken troth barely fathoms sweetening eagles of the air and roses of the rosecoloured petals,threatened to fade in pinionofdingy sand

BROTHER'S KEEPER.SONNET 2

Let the consortium bloom phosphorescence as the lillies and the eagles,Arise we arise villatic gangsters in the encroaching urbane genus,bade overseas,kindred,in the clique of gemutlichkeit,radiated bonhomie beyond golden roots,Not the gild clothed with cadre of sobriqueted irreverence and sodality to commune discord apple break the brawn of the junto,but a bloodline,a blood squads of klatches,maelstromed in the empyreal chapter of nuclear gangsterism's renaisance.And we dreamy mobsters in the cabalised camarilla of rudderless confederacy,barely adrift the good-bad wine of glutten sororities,bade for better days.Mafia of ogbomosho beverages and brewery gluts,inthe tempestuous quivers in Lagos accelerated broken gorgesas nethers of band's collective rings emasculated progenies andkinsmen asundered in trenches,community of plutocracy-hungry menage and wandelust-kinfolks.Hungriots and junketing wolvesin the piety of broken sands and broken gongs.Cuzzie-bros,ainga of own flesh and blood,of nearest and dearest

BROTHER'S KEEPER .SONNET 1

A million laughs a million miles away do i lovemy bloods?A tooth for a tooth to hideneurosis,a thing about something,not to abalienate to the abaftof sunny times.Oh am my brother's keeper in thetedious sun's astern till adversity's loath andsmothered,mollusk abbot-generals,my archabbotsofcomradeshipsings untramelledtedious sun'selegyat abattoir.Astenderfoot abloomgonegaga withthiselegy,house ofrancourplummets afarwherefeticideofrapprochement,aborticideofbrotherhood's abnegationsings eulogyofthetedious sun,abalone to abaloneableist language hath renderedcivility impuisant.Abluent of thislanguage,clannish kinship drooped over the rancorous wall,in florescence ablushed and reddened in a tangle of wildrose bushes offraternity's savages.My genealogy,abolla of collegiality?what abomasum a bolt from the blue,clad in the velvet of painstaking a bon marche?Lucre and nuptial knot,plays the elegy o what abortifacient hung over this abortus of clique's broken reed to quell ab ovo as posteriori?

DATA SCIENCE.PART 2

However data is generally defined as representation of facts about something.We analyse data using the three fields of knowledge ranging from abstraction field to utilitarian field onward to empirical fields where objective data operates on a concrete framework.Subjective data operating the fiction parts full of dots.Data can be both fiction and facts and when it is objective data it is facts and a fiction when it is subjective data and it begins with dots,signs and later symbols and then units and bytes.It produces two types of data intelligence both man made or artificial intelligence or robotic intelligence.Application programs on a computer can be described as robotic intelligence that is a particular sets of data has been robotised and given us robotic intelligence and nonrobotic or natural intelligence such as stored in the space or in the person's mind.The stages in the generation of data include the following data needs;data identification;data profiling;data assemblage and organisation;data selection

DATA SCIENCE.PART 1

The world is governed by information and the main motive of the economy of existence and the science of history being culture is to provide information that is backward audit of history and to generate and promote transformation in terms of the backward audit of history.Forward audit harvested at the effects'end and backward audit at the causal end when a given tuber or metric tonne of information is invested.This information investment however is called decision and a price that is paid for the investment.We explore the meaning of data,the state of data,stages of data that form the data cycle and the essence of data or data generation,data theory and data economy and the growth of data GDP in the long run and the impact of data or data generation capacity in the ethonomy of development cycle and the role it plays in the causal influence of all other sciences that govern human,social,political and economic and so to say cultural technological endeavours.We do not have to bother about concept of data and use.

LOAN DOCUMENTATION AND BANKING FINANCE.PART 1

Banking services in this part of the world to those with meagre knowledge of the nature of banking is considered absurd owing to not too informed verdict about financial services in general.Nevertheless access to banking services is a life transforming affair for seasoned economic agents.In this essay the blogger ibikunle laniyan examines in the process of finance and critical access to credit facility,loan documentation invariably makes a difference and to understanding various documents used in the credit negotiation could go a long way in getting finance to the borrowers alike.We explore various documents banks require to make loans accessible to clients below.It appeals to several types of facility especially to the mortgage facility.Enjoy the reading.Offer letter readily comes when borrowerseagerly initiate loan process.A document that specifies loan terms and conditions,subject to interested borrowers examination.If agreeable to stipulated terms signs the letter often adjudged binding to both parties.

LOAN DOCUMENTATION AND BANKING FINANCE.PART 3

There is a debenture when the borrower creates a charge over its asset in favour of lender.This means the lender is given some interest over some asset of the borrower.Obviously,the lender takes over in the event of borrower's default and sell it to get repayment.2 types of debenture fixed and floating charge,the former is a fixed charge on specific fixed asset while the floating charge floats on inventory or non constant assets like shares.Another option is a combination of the two.Moreover,stock hypothecation floats on the use of stock of goods as collateral.Companies that deal with large stock of goods fall into this category and could use the stocks as collateral and maybe seized in case of default.We shall not rule out the letter of lien and set off.A borrower uses the letter to create an interest over the borrower's asset,in favour of the bank.It could be cash in a bank or property.The borrower simply signs the letter stating that it gives the bank a right of lien over the specified property.Borrower

FINTECHS AND THE NEW WAVES OF DIGITAL REVOLUTION.PART 13

microfintechs spin offs from traditional fintechs serving communities and states at most.Outlandish innovation incorporated into the value chain tends to abhor this missing link.It could only do a disservice over the longterm to alienate the underserved and the unbanked poor in general.As vertically intergrated value chains declines in the financial sector and technology enabled disruption practices exponentially explores financial clarity,identify promising innovation policy makers as well investors and regulators must undergo intellectual reform.And in terms of opening up financial landscape to the poor specifically its chronic gross underperformance in this aspect,leaves muchto be desired.However,CGAP understudying the evolutionary paces,points out the missingspace for the unbankedpoor in the fiercely competitive highly sophisticated consumer mass market.Same missing space muchmaligned by traditionalbanks to ignore theinformal sectorat largehad been imbibed by fintechs in the emasculating and insensitive

FINTECHS AND THE NEW WAVES OF DIGITAL REVOLUTION.PART 12

of highly competitive driven business products and valuebased services,altering corporate models and transforming financial value chains enhanced by eyepopping regulation that left legacy banks green with envy and goose pimples.Nevertheless,in the context,in the clarity of strategic innovation enterprise between specific innovation and financial inclusionis often assume rather solidly proven.Hallucination and all the buzz around fintech sound crazy,viciously intriguing and absolutely grotesque.As fintechs perpetually abhor this potential link,strategicgoal of poverty eradication goes up in smoke and the glory of everlasting influence now belong to sovereign wealth fund fintechs(SWFF\SWEFFINs)whose asset should begin from a trillion dollar up.Practically we expect fintechs to evolve from microfintechs with paid up capital less a billion naira or $2m.to $5m.at black market rate.Their elitist approach also explains fully their programatic and institutional notion of grassroot disconnect. Or better still several

FINTECHS AND THE NEW WAVES OF DIGITAL REVOLUTION.PART 8

SA accounts for 40%african fintech market,with Ghana and francophone westafrica and then nigeria and egypt growing until 2025 at 15%,13%and 12%respectively.11 Markets comprising nigeria,Ghana,Egypt,Kenya,Tanzania,Southafrica,Uganda,Cameroun,Senegal comprises of 70%and 50% of african GDP and population respectively take the fintech radiance where growth will be concentrated.Inspite of all the activity,only a handful of unicorns start ups with $1b.valuation like kuda,flutterwave etc.Navigating the key component challenges of sustainability,scaleability,profitability,technology ecosystem,regulatory framework and corporate governance is a major hurdle.This is navigable with robust business method.Forget that in assumption of similar investment levels per customer,that is 4 times harder to achieve profitability in africa than in latin america and 13times harder than it is in EU and 20times than America,a globalised fintech with unique business methods escape unhurt.We quite agree regulatory framework uncertain,

FINTECHS AND THE NEW WAVES OF DIGITAL REVOLUTION.PART 11

(KYC),General data protection regulation(GDPR) and a whole lot of regulatory bodies to deal with based on divergent jurisdictions they work with.They include office of comptroller of commerce(OCC),Consumer financial protection bureau(CFPB),commodity futures trading commission(CFTC) and federal deposit insurance commission(FDIC)regulate their conduct in america.Fintech start ups should learn from them prior to venturing and inherent regulatory risk as they vary from country to country reduces to the barest minimum.Moreover,fintechs niches go beyond just digital banking and comprises of popular niches like investment management,wealth management,digital lending,mobile banking,global money transfers,insuretech,regtech,microfintechs dealing with digital microcredit,loans and advances,blockchain and Artificial intelligence based solutions,crowdfunding,emicroinsurance,eREITs,e-micropayments and mobilepayments,financial product services.There is a lot of stuffs to be done in the heavily untapped underbanked and the

FINTECHS AND THE NEW WAVES OF DIGITAL REVOLUTION.PART 10

negotiated terms of investment in the digital bank.Protecting the intellectual property assets is vital to the survival of a digital bank.Property such as the logo,software,apps and source codes from appropriate registry such as National copyright commission(NCC) or for trademark,patents and designs registry.The setting of robust corporate governance platform to ensure sound corporate governance practices with duly constituted board comprising at least one independent director and required board committees etc.A staggering host of boundless opportunitiesawaitsfintech start ups,which are under mandatetoworkwith specified apps and softwaredevelopers ranging from digital lending,digital banking,consumer efinance,digital microcredit,due to the fact that they aid users to bank,pay,save,spend,invest,borrow and generate money.Digital banks and fintechs are also heavily regulated.Considering regulations such as antimoney laundering(AML)policies,payment card industry data security standard(PCIDSS),Know your customers

FINTECHS AND THE NEW WAVES OF DIGITAL REVOLUTION.PART 9

The emergence of fintechmania came with a lot of sensation and more than ever before Nigerians are expressing interest,making increasing enquiries at the local commercial law firms on what it takes to set up digital banks in the country.The central bank guidelines in this context for digital regulation and specific licensing regime yet to emerge but the prevailing initiative to work with available financial licenses share consensus across the board.The extant licences below will fill the gap:a.The use of microfinance bank licence.b.Payment service banks licence.It can accept deposits from clients but cannot issue loans.PSB licence can be obtained by established banking agents,telecom companies and available fintechs.Capital requirements to obtain licence is 5billion naira.c.Finance company licence.capital requirement:100m.naira.The receipt of licence by promoters is followed by CAC registration and promoters must ensure they have right contract in place to protect their business interest coupledwith properly

FINTECHS AND THE NEW WAVES OF DIGITAL REVOLUTION.PART 7

intechs surpasses $1tr.annual global revenue.Mobile payment dominated revenue and payment apps like paypal,payoneer,Venmo,apple pay and a host of mobile money services prevalent in SSA region.The region account almost 50% or 48.4% of active global mobile money users.Bureaucracy in public civil services drasticaly reduces including ease of opening bank account,including telecom services,made accessible to the larger audience.The growth of cyberattacks could be equally mindboggling.MPESA witnessed a wave of organised crimes led to huge loss in kenya.Kuda in nigeria and Zazu in Zambia raised over $3m.still shows remarkable resilience.Mckinsey analysis shows african fintechs have made remarkable inroad with revenues between $4b.-$6b.per annum in 2020 and penetration levels excluding south africa absymally low at 3%-5%.Cash still used in 90%of transaction in africa compared to less thanU.K.20%currently.Africanfinancial services based on the study could grow by 10%annually growing by2025 to $230b excluding SA.

FINTECHS AND THE NEW WAVES OF DIGITAL REVOLUTION.PART 6

Creates insurmountable hyperchallenging task and possibly could under deliver.Two or three years,blockchain technology came with lot of excitement that could revolutionise banking.But with media overhype fallaciously underdelivered and seriously underperformed below its potential.In 2020 about 50billion devices was connected to the internet collectively known as internet of things(I0D) and prompted trillions of small but realtime transactions,conducive for fintech services.Now with the new waves of fintech services,a good fintech should be able to leverage on thousands and millions of wallets,cryptos,AI,blockchain,IODs toprovide cost effective electronicbanking servicestoany types of clients even the unbanked populace.With emergence of financial technology revolutionising the value chain ranging from blockchain technology,to digital banking,mobile payment options and crowdfunding,boundless opportunities massively created should be leveraged to solidly proffer solution to its institutional inadequacy.In 2019,

FINTECHS AND THE NEW WAVES OF DIGITAL REVOLUTION.PART 5

be overtaken by the new techies.Blockchain,AI,cryptocurrency and smart contracts currently usurped the public ovation,deemed to be core competence of any financial institution in the next decade.Equipped with highly datacentric technology,financial institutions will be positioned to offer improve faster risk assesment,customer product matching,enhanced security and customer focused and intelligence driven operations.The rise of fintech or financial technology enables market competition even could share infrastructure and equally legacy banks to rething their technology and grow innovation for better services.Digital banking as one of core fintechservices grew from innovative practice androde on consumer interest and on the frontuser experiencefor the mobile apps moving to the backend,with greateremphasis on data analytics.To add valueto the services enterprisebanks find common ground to collaborate with fintechs or fintech startup to grow this valuechain.The strategic delivery of institutional capability

FINTECHS AND THE NEW WAVES OF DIGITAL REVOLUTION.PART 4

In the latin america and caribbean region high data cost was cited by 60%of the unconnected as main obstacle to internet access.83% of people in africa live in mobile connected areas but only 27%are using them.This critical regulatory and institutional inadequacy could stall the beautiful dream,promotional expansion and rapid access to fintechs'services online.Nevertheless the golden spiral of fintechs continues to be one of the major drivers of digital revolution waves.For instance previousyear was a banner ad.for this golden investmentever acceleratingthe valuebased services for rapid digital transformation.The industry according to BIS study attracted a trillion dollars from over 35,000equity deals grew exponentially to 5%from mere 1% since 2010.The top 100fintechs already account a staggering value of $2.7tr.compared to the top 100banks with value of $7.1tr.The growing spectrum of decentralised finance replacing legacy banks and traditional intermediarieslike banks,brokers and insurance firmsseem to be

FINTECHS AND THE NEW WAVES OF DIGITAL REVOLUTION.PART 3

also examines concerted effort maneauvered at bridging the divide.Less than 10%of the poorest percentiles in africa could access the internet.51%of south asia women less likely to use mobile internet.Unfortunately when vulnerable poor population access the net,lack of digital education frustrate the whole effort.In most african countries,using my country interpersonal user based experiences,the more access mobile connectors in africa get,the less research and capacity building,they accommodate,a cardinal point why ignorance and misery rises in the continent.From Chile where Cuenta Rut as national ID linked basic account operates over 2million vulnerable Chileans received social assistance payment directly to their bank accounts in the face of massive closures of offices to shut out virus spread;to Cote d'ivoire where govt provide medical screening and infection geolocation intelligence,containment measures were succesfully deployed.Turkey provides elearning platform with over 1million teachers to 18m.students

FINTECHS AND THE NEW WAVES OF DIGITAL REVOLUTION.PART 3

digital expansion however it could not obscure the soaring risks and inherent obstacles.It was particularly encouraging during C0VID19 period keeping the financial system functioning and people save in the face of moral embargo like social distancing and quarrantining imbroglio that attended the pandemics.In the face of falling demand and disrupted input supply,recessionary tightening of credit condiotionings and rising incertitude,kept its ammunition shelling as new attempts were made to churn out sensitive technologies to manage this relentless spiral of growing risks.Be that as it may,in the fast explosive tech ecosystem,developing economies expected to lag behind in 2023 where digital usage struggle from the rear.As it were during the pandemic similar divide experienced a surge of 5billion users worldwide compared 3 billion offline 96%in the developing region.A digital inequality of this monumental proportion currenly defies no solution,though puzzles not beyond the author's proven proposition.We also

FINTECHS AND NEW WAVES OF DIGITAL REVOLUTION.PART 2

digital expansion however it could not obscure the soaring risks and inherent obstacles.It was particularly encouraging during C0VID19 period keeping the financial system functioning and people save in the face of moral embargo like social distancing and quarrantining imbroglio that attended the pandemics.In the face of falling demand and disrupted input supply,recessionary tightening of credit condiotionings and rising incertitude,kept its ammunition shelling as new attempts were made to churn out sensitive technologies to manage this relentless spiral of growing risks.Be that as it may,in the fast explosive tech ecosystem,developing economies expected to lag behind in 2023 where digital usage struggle from the rear.As it were during the pandemic similar divide experienced a surge of 5billion users worldwide compared 3 billion offline 96%in the developing region.A digital inequality of this monumental proportion currenly defies no solution,though puzzles not beyond the author's proven proposition.We also

FINTECHS AND NEW WAVES OF DIGITAL REVOLUTION.PART 1

The raves of fintechs has taken the world by storm.In this article the blogger ibikunle laniyan examines its critical impact on the global economy in general. Mordern age experiments a lot and experiences a whole lot of boom and burst in the growth of technological services and revolution.We cannot be compelled to abandon the notion that each pain in the optimal growth of technological ecosystem albeit as it were comeswith gigantic growth in the standard of living and balloon in mordern civilisation.However we've reached a crescendo once again similar to internet revolution of the early 90s and it came with a big bang,unprecedented explosion and strategic irresistibility of the digital financial services ferociously leveraged and solely powered by fintechs.No doubt,they have lowered potential costs by maximising economies of scale,grow security and transparency and the velocity at which digital transaction takes place at particular period to grow tailored financial services to serve unbankable poor.Albeit the inherent risk and challenges facing digital financial services and regulatory framework,across intercountry disruptive experiences,growth of digital expansion

FINTECHS AND NEW WAVES OF DIGITAL REVOLUTION

The primordial age of technological freedom is tearing apart old waves of industrial revolution and new technological disruption services altering the fundamental structure escalates worldwide.In this treatise the blogger Ibikunle laniyan examines the critical impact of block chain and specififcally of fintechs and the new waves of digital revolution. Mordern age experiments a lot and experiences a whole lot of boom and burst in the growth of technological services and revolution.We cannot be compelled to abandon the notion that each pain in the optimal growth of technological ecosystem albeit as it were comeswith gigantic growth in the standard of living and balloon in mordern civilisation.However we've reached a crescendo once again similar to internet revolution of the early 90s and it came with a big bang,unprecedented explosion and strategic irresistibility of the digital financial services ferociously leveraged and solely powered by fintechs.No doubt,they have lowered potential costs by maximising economies of scale,grow security and transparency and the velocity at which digital transaction takes place at particular period to grow tailored financial services to serve unbankable poor. Albeit the inherent risk and challenges facing digital financial services and regulatory framework,across intercountry disruptive experiences,growth of digital expansion however could not obscure the soaring risks and inherent paramount obstacles.It was particularly encouraging during C0VID19 period keeping the financial system functioning and people save in the face of moral embargo like social distancing and quarrantining imbroglio that attended the pandemics.In the face of falling demand and disrupted input supply,recessionary tightening of credit conditionings and rising incertitude,kept its ammunition shelling as new attempts were made to churn out sensitive technologies to manage this relentless spiral of growing risks.Be that as it may,in the fast explosive tech ecosystem,developing economies expected to lag behind in 2023 where digital usage struggles from the rear.As it were during the pandemic similar divide experienced a surge of 5billion users worldwide compared 3 billion offline 96%in the developing region.A digital inequality of this monumental proportion currenly defies no solution,though puzzles not beyond the author's proven proposition. We also examines concerted effort maneauvered at bridging the divide.Less than 10%of the poorest percentiles in africa could access the internet.51%of south asia women less likely to use mobile internet.Unfortunately when vulnerable poor population access the net,lack of digital education frustrate the whole effort.In most african countries,using my country interpersonal user based experiences,the more access mobile connectors in africa get,the less research and capacity building,they accommodate,a cardinal point why ignorance and misery rises in the continent,in the face of possible technological solution.From Chile where Cuenta Rut as national ID linked basic account operates over 2million vulnerable Chileans received social assistance payment directly to their bank accounts in the face of massive closures of offices to shut out virus spread;to Cote d'ivoire where govt provides medical screening and infection geolocation intelligence,containment measures were succesfully deployed.Turkey provides elearning platform with over 1million teachers to 18m.students In the latin america and caribbean region high data cost was cited by 60%of the unconnected as main obstacle to internet access.83% of people in africa live in mobile connected areas but only 27%are using them.This critical regulatory and institutional inadequacy could stall the beautiful dream,promotional expansion and rapid access to fintechs'services online.Nevertheless the golden spiral of fintechs continues to be one of the major drivers of digital revolution waves.For instance in previous year2021 was a banner ad.year passionately driven for this golden investment of digital expansion invariably accelerating the valuebased services for rapid digital transformation.The industry according to BIS study attracted a trillion dollars from over 35,000equity deals grew exponentially to 5%from mere 1% since 2010.The top 100fintechs already account a staggering value of $2.7tr.compared to the top 100banks with value of $7.1tr.The growing spectrum of decentralised finance replacing legacy banks and traditional intermediarieslike banks,brokers and insurance firms seem to be overtaken by the new techies.Blockchain,AI,cryptocurrency and smart contracts currently usurped the public ovation,deemed to be core competence of any financial institution in the next decade.Equipped with highly datacentric technology,financial institutions will be positioned to offer improve faster risk assesment,customer product matching,enhanced security and customer focused and intelligence driven operations.The rise of fintech or financial technology enables market competition even though could share infrastructure and equally motivate legacy banks to rethink their technology and grow innovation for better services. Digital banking as one of core fintechservices grew from innovative practice androde on consumer interest and on the frontuser experiencefor the mobile apps moving to the backend,with greater emphasis on data analytics.To add value to the services enterprise banks find common ground to collaborate with fintechs or fintech startups to grow this value chain.The strategic delivery of institutional capability creates insurmountable hyperchallenging task and possibly could under deliver.Two or three years ago,blockchain technology came with lot of excitement that could revolutionise banking.But with media overhype fallaciously underdelivered and seriously underperformed below its potential.In 2020 about 50billion devices was connected to the internet collectively known as internet of things(I0D) and prompted trillions of small but realtime transactions,conducive for fintech services.Now with the new waves of fintech services,a good fintech should be able to leverage on thousands and millions of wallets,cryptos,AI,blockchain,IODs to provide cost effective electronic banking services to any types of clients even the unbanked populace. With emergence of financial technology revolutionising the value chain ranging from blockchain technology,to digital banking,mobile payment options and crowdfunding,boundless opportunities massively created should be leveraged to solidly proffer solution to its institutional inadequacy.In 2019,fintechs surpasses $1tr.annual global revenue.Mobile payment dominated revenue and payment apps like paypal,payoneer,Venmo,apple pay and a host of mobile money services prevalent in SSA region.The region account almost 50% or 48.4% of active global mobile money users.Bureaucracy in public civil services drasticaly reduces including ease of opening bank account,including telecom services,made accessible to the larger audience.The growth of cyberattacks could be equally mindboggling.MPESA witnessed a wave of organised crimes led to huge loss in kenya.Kuda in nigeria and Zazu in Zambia raised over $3m.still shows remarkable resilience.Mckinsey analysis shows african fintechs have made remarkable inroad with revenues between $4b.-$6b.per annum in 2020 and penetration levels excluding south africa absymally low at 3%-5%.Cash still used in 90%of transaction in africa compared to less than 20%currently in UK.Africanfinancial services based on the study could grow by 10%annually growing by2025 to $230b excluding SA. SA accounts for 40%african fintech market,with Ghana and francophone westafrica and then nigeria and egypt growing until 2025 at 15%,13%and 12%respectively.11 Markets comprising nigeria,Ghana,Egypt,Kenya,Tanzania,Southafrica,Uganda,Cameroun,Senegal comprises of 70%and 50% of african GDP and population respectively take the fintech radiance where growth will be concentrated.Inspite of all the activity,only a handful of unicorns start ups with $1b.valuation like kuda,flutterwave etc.Navigating the key component challenges of sustainability,scaleability,profitability,technology ecosystem,regulatory framework and corporate governance is a major hurdle.This is navigable with robust business method.Forget that in assumption of similar investment levels per customer,that is 4 times harder to achieve profitability in africa than in latin america and 13times harder than it is in EU and 20times than America,a globalised fintech with unique business methods escapes unhurt.We quite agree regulatory framework uncertain,localised technology in all ramification matter a lot.Given the huge chasm of fragmented financial regulatory framework and uneven infrastructure across markets,selfregulatory ecological sensitive market approach built into its distinct business method could pave the way to surmount such uncertainty with timely predictable corporate sensitivity response system even applicable where complex and variable regulations including license approval processes create obstacles for fintechs business continuity and compliance across these uncertain markets.Whether they move faster than regulators or keep up with regulation may not be detached from selfregulatory capacity along with enforcement rate that could change so quickly.Same challenge met by investors and entrepreneurs with exposure to volatile exchange rates in some that affects consistency can be treated same way.We address the issue of internet penetration and it ensures that in the nearest telecom fintechs will arise to bridge the digital divide and deployment of internet of things is a serious money spinner. The emergence of fintechmania came with a lot of sensation and more than ever before Nigerians are expressing interest,making increasing enquiries at the local commercial law firms on what it takes to set up digital banks in the country.The central bank guidelines in this context for digital regulation and specific licensing regime yet to emerge but the prevailing initiative to work with available financial licenses share consensus across the board.The extant licences below will fill the gap:a.The use of microfinance bank licence.b.Payment service banks licence.It can accept deposits from clients but cannot issue loans.PSB licence can be obtained by established banking agents,telecom companies and available fintechs.Capital requirements to obtain licence is 5billion naira.c.Finance company licence.capital requirement:100m.naira.The receipt of licence by promoters is followed by CAC registration and promoters must ensure they have right contract in place to protect their business interest coupledwith properly negotiated terms of investment in the digital bank. Protecting the intellectual property assets is vital to the survival of a digital bank.Property such as the logo,software,apps and source codes from appropriate registry such as National copyright commission(NCC) or for trademark,patents and designs registry.The setting of robust corporate governance platform to ensure sound corporate governance practices with duly constituted board comprising at least one independent director and required board committees etc.A staggering host of boundless opportunitiesawaitsfintech start ups,which are under mandatetoworkwith specified apps and softwaredevelopers ranging from digital lending,digital banking,consumer efinance,digital microcredit,due to the fact that they aid users to bank,pay,save,spend,invest,borrow and generate money.Digital banks and fintechs are also heavily regulated.Considering regulations such as antimoney laundering(AML)policies,payment card industry data security standard(PCIDSS),Know your customers (KYC),General data protection regulation(GDPR) and a whole lot of regulatory bodies to deal with based on divergent jurisdictions they work with.They include office of comptroller of commerce(OCC),Consumer financial protection bureau(CFPB),commodity futures trading commission(CFTC) and federal deposit insurance commission(FDIC)regulate their conduct in america.Fintech start ups should learn from them prior to venturing and inherent regulatory risk as they vary from country to country reduces to the barest minimum.Moreover,fintechs niches go beyond just digital banking and comprises of popular niches like investment management,wealth management,digital lending,mobile banking,global money transfers,insuretech,regtech,microfintechs dealing with digital microcredit,loans and advances,blockchain and Artificial intelligence based solutions,crowdfunding,emicroinsurance,eREITs,e-micropayments and mobilepayments,financial product services. There is a lot of stuffs to be done in the heavily untapped underbanked and the unbanked poor category.Mobile exchange traded funds(METF),mobile stock trading(MST),agrotechies offering farm services,beauty shops and a whole lot of offline services domesticated in their electronic portals either solely offering the services or collaborate with existing companies to deliver valuebased services.Fintech apps market category include digital payment and so far is the biggest source and market of the fintech industry.It includes digital currencies,online payment system and transfers and the vastly untapped popular ewallet subcategory that could be richer than central banks of the world by assets someday.Digital payment platforms like paypal,payoneer etc readily comes to mind.Other niches such as digital investment and regtechs are innovative technologies,to help solveregulatory issues such as KYC,KYB,AML and othercompliance checksfully automated by ebusinesses to deliver regulatory compliance and reduce human error.There is data security andcybersecurity to employ different security techniques to reduce growing rate of explosive security breaches and cyberattacks for a more reliable fintech apps.Microservice reduces the deployment cost of building fintech apps with artificial intelligence and blockchain trends.Mobile to generate $935b.or almost a trillion in 2023.The growth of ecommerce like the brick and mortar trends for thousands also come with its own crucific and we devise business method and broadly categorises fintech beyond unicorn,zebracorn etc beyond the buzz generated by industry practitioners.This could spread eprosperity by 2035 a decade journey when we envisage to live in golden age of mordern civilisation when poverty might be a thing of history.Little wonder in recent times,few issues have raised debates,in financial inclusion than fintech industry including hypes,confusion and buzzes around it.Growing at dizzying pace,digital technology inspires everyone like never before.Frankly speaking,launching financial disruptive services at quite unprecedented rate,in the ecosystem space of microfintechs spin offs from traditional fintechs serving communities and states at most. Outlandish innovation incorporated into the value chain tends to abhor this missing link.It could only do a disservice over the longterm to alienate the underserved and the unbanked poor in general.As vertically intergrated value chains declines in the financial sector and technology enabled disruption practices exponentially explores financial clarity,identify promising innovation policy makers as well investors and regulators must undergo intellectual reform.And in terms of opening up financial landscape to the poor specifically its chronic gross underperformance in this aspect,leaves much to be desired.However,CGAP understudying the evolutionary paces,points out the missingspace for the unbankedpoor in the fiercely competitive highly sophisticated consumer mass market.Same missing space muchmaligned by traditionalbanks to ignore theinformal sectorat largehad been imbibed by fintechs in the emasculating and insensitive

TAXATION INVESTMENT PART 12

$1.44quadrillion;1985 at $2.88q.At a time or decade in which Reagan created over 20m.jobs and little did they know America had the power to create over 5billion jobs per annum worldwide using the softpower of her dollar economy including eurobond etc.Eulogies were heaped on the neck of liberalisation in the same period Margaret Thatcher was destroying jobs in great britain and equally destroying the supposedly golden age of british economy.Reagan wasted like its predecessors squandered american glory and fought old soviet the two countries that could have ushered in the golden age of mordern civilisation had they cooperated economically to create 10b.jobs overseas.Now ask me when did america notch $5tr.GDP?When?It notched $4.5tr.in 1987;1989 and 1993 could have been exponentially wrought at $5.6qdr.and $11.2qdr.respectively;1997 and 2001 at$22.4qdr.and $44.8qdr respectively.Whereas it notched $6tr.in year 2000.Similarly should have reached $89.6qdr.and $179.4qdr.in 2005 and 2009 respectively.or $358.8qdr.and $716qdr.in 2013 and 2017 respectively.By 2021,it lost not only the golden first ever quandrllionaire economy but also the downright impossible honour of notching and earning the golden esteem of world first quintillionaire economy.DONT ASK MY WEALTH CREATION FORMULA

TAXATION INVESTMENT .PART 11

oubling of the GDP persist,every four years in the postwar era (and assuming other economies remain stagnant and even if they were growing coulnt be so close to below figure with the addition of her offshore GDP,also the world largest during the period,provided it incorporate this formula.Infact if it does not,by strategically expanding foreign investment and mere creation of new multinationals across the world using its softpower as the Marshall plan case study,investing massively in the then wartorn economies of western europe,not by extending credit lines),american GDP in the annual GDP wealth forgone theft analysis(AGWEFOTA)backward audit,could have been $2.8tr.by 1945;1949 pro-stood at $5.6tr.Or $11.2tr.by 1953;$22.4tr.by 1957;$44.8tr.by 1961,considering the period as they claim a period of high inflation as opposed to high unemployment rate of 1940s.About $89.6tr by 1965;$181tr.by 1969,a period when Lyndon B.Johnson was running the great society program.In 1973,AGWEFOTA backward audit rises to $362tr.;1977 at $722tr.;1981 stood at

TAXATION INVESTMENT PART 10

Had full employment being guarranteed by taxation investment of the speculative boom of 1920s when america had 30,000banks,the economic crisis during great depression would not have crashed GNP so much down that it shrunk to $55.8b.from its peak of $103.4.bin 1929,fallen in trenches prior to the resurgence of 1941.Great depression ought to have classified Great boom era had taxation investment being moderately though not applied.Infact GDP ought to have doubled and trippled to $310.1billion,taking more advantage of war boom economy .It should double every 4 years to notch by 1937 and 1941 about $620.2b.and $1.4.4tr.That is to say could have reached a trillion dollar by 1940s during the war.Taxation investment has the magic wand to hedge public spending through neoliberal boom and burst cycle period and avert business cycle volatility.Had job security been guaranteed,25%unemployment rates of depression to pull off huge chunk nightmare of not the same 25%but a staggering 50% wiped out from GDP.Had the doubling

TAXATION INVESTMENT.PART 9

Social security makes americans pauper in their opulent backyard.I wrote in my essay',Changing faces of economic security',that it came at a greatcost.Wereverse backtotheperiod of greatdepression and theboomingwareconomy,therewasmassivesupportfor thepro-govt interventiontheory of MaynardKeynes.Consequentlytheemployment actof1946was passedtohelpbridge thegapbetween theoryandpractical reality andledthe presidenttoform councilofeconomic advisers.They assist governmentwith researchandeconomic forecast,charged with accomplishment of the goalofthe act.That is 'topromote maximum employment,production andpurchasing power'.Nevertheless the fraudulent intent and compromise of the billthatwasfirst introduced intoUS Senatein1945 later watereddown its straightforward originallanguagethrough debate and prejudiced in favour of maximum employment shortchanged full employment.American citizens lost theright of jobsecurity andjob protection fromtheir government and revenue diverted to make them beggars in their home soil.

TAXATION INVESTMENT.PART 8

In the midst of plenty.Social security makes people lazy and quite unsustainable in the long run should that economy reach the size of china someday.Public finance vital to guarrantee full employment is diverted to program that makes americans begars in theirhomecountry.This is different fromeconomic security termsof marsolist statethatguarantees optimaleconomic securityofthecitizen throughcommensurate taxationinvestment.We avoid orthodoxy of fiscal policy that employs expansionary fiscal policy lowering taxes increasing spending,encouraging investment to move aggregate demand curve to the right toward full employment equilibrium,that they barely guarrantee in the long run though without raising prices.Nor shall we be banboozledby tradition of high inflationwithrising pricesandattendant antiinflationary strategiesdeployed raisingtaxesand publicspending reduction,discouraging investmentfor agregatedemand curve toshift to the left in noninflationary full employment equilibriumwithout hurting unemployment rates.

TAXATION INVESTMENT.PART 4

The best macroeconomic automatic in built stabilizer and best key intervention in the economy is taxation investment.To be candid,sordid nature of taxes cut,reduction and increase cannot truly curb inflation and eradicate unemployment the way taxation investment could do.In this case there is no recession and bust cycle but only boom cycle in which you apply only technocession.There is no need for tax hike or cut for tax investment assume the off-fiscal responsibility.Then growth in govt.responsibility of public works,can be undertaking by sustainable off-fiscal public spending.Infact there is no need for welfare payment but only prosperity reserves and prosperity public expenditures and debt expenditures.Note that this mode of proposition assumes theoretical mode of marsolism applicable under dual financial system driven by dual macroeconomics,with the golden responsibility left in care of debt economy under control of central banks for microfinance worldwide or as federal credit reserve(FEC) in america.

TAXATION INVESTMENT.PART 3

Therefore to empower public spending sustainable growth above the size of GDP and to stabilise tax revenue with no challenge of cut or increase or reduction say 10%personal income tax unchanged for a full decade then government should have a proper taxation investment budget or taxation investment GDP or wealth GDP growth rate.Even as productivity increases and more employment generate better salaries leading to rising taxes,in well budgeted taxation investment surplus,there is no need to increase taxes,leaving more disposable income in the hands of the people.With this domestic reserves surplus,tax cut or tax increase does not change still at say 10%.There would be more disposable income and sustainable growth in public consumption and stabilised impact in GDP growth.The public surplus from domestic reserves,create multiple layers of domestic reserves to make the plight of budgetary deficits a thingof history in publicfinance.Other layers such as hedge bondreserves,prosperity reserves and welfare reserves

TAXATION INVESTMENT.PART 2

We make bold to say government has not yet find a formula for prosperity GDP.Until we do we shall not be able to guarantee universal prosperity.if government debt should balloon more than the size of GDP,then it is apposite to ensure and guarantee capability of public spending to balloon also above the size of GDP.Govt capability to control severe inflation and unemployment should not be driven by production function itself a direct outcome of public spending.Normally,reduction of taxes including personal taxes releasing more disposable income and business taxes,enabling growth in business investment.Consequently,growth in public spending also increases consumption.In the period of high inflation,downward shift in agregate spending leads to reduced spending.To achieve the objectives it increases taxes both personal and business and cut government spending.Classical economics may be right that over time economy would rectify itself.This may not be possible if the right automatic in built stabiliser strategy is

TAXATION INVESTMENT.PART 6

When we move on from mere keynesian fiscal policy into marsolist fiscal investment policy of the president who takes the golden initiative fromthe informationand advice given fromsources such asnational investment assembly house of economicians'budget committees,hedgebond appropriation committees,house budget office,economicians macrofinance committee,Debt ways and means committee,office of debt management and investment budget on debt expenditure,treasury department on taxation investment,the council of economicians and economic advisers and finally central bank for microfinance committee on domestic reserves management.All those forces behind the fiscal investment policy rather than mere fiscal policy must act within the context of taxation investment and debt expenditure laws passed by investment assembly as component strategy are to guarrante impact multiplier effect of automatic stabilizers such as total economic security.Note that social security not the same as economic security both aretruly defined

TAXATION INVESTMENT.PART 5

When we move on from mere keynesian fiscal policy into marsolist fiscal investment policy of the president who takes the golden initiative fromthe informationand advice given fromsources such asnational investment assembly house of economicians'budget committees,hedgebond appropriation committees,house budget office,economicians macrofinance committee,Debt ways and means committee,office of debt management and investment budget on debt expenditure,treasury department on taxation investment,the council of economicians and economic advisers and finally central bank for microfinance committee on domestic reserves management.All those forces behind the fiscal investment policy rather than mere fiscal policy must act within the context of taxation investment and debt expenditure laws passed by investment assembly as component strategy are to guarrante impact multiplier effect of automatic stabilizers such as total economic security.Note that social security not the same as economic security both aretruly defined

TAXATION INVESTMENT.PART 7

Personal income tax is the biggest revenue generator at the federal level with half of revenue generated and social security,payroll and employment taxes takes a third and others excise taxes,death and gift taxes.Sales and excise taxes are quite significant at state level followed by income and highway user taxes,gasoline tax and licensing fees.Obviously,we should look at the spending formula where 20% of public spending goes to defense,veterans benefits and items like energy,technology,space.Then 60%goes to social security,welfare,health and education item and 10% to service debt and goes to support farm,transportation and housing program as well running government like courts,congress and all branches of government.At the state level,most revenue goes to support schools.Methink with this formula,america is a wasteful,spendthrift and profligate economy and to still have over 42m.poor people in that country is evident of political prejudice and deliberate effort to make some people poor and pauperised in the

TAXATION INVESTMENT.PART 1

We examine critically the nature and extant model of public finance laid bare in this treatise and proffer innovative solution in this context tax investment to make the challenges of budget deficit and reckless direction of public expenditures,a historic forgone.The blogger ibikunle laniyan in the new macroeconomic ideology proffers ways forwards. The sources of public finance using america as a case study creates the legal framework for the fiscal policy to run the administration of government and its political machinery.The control of the economy is strictly run by the direction of fiscal policy.Depending on the theoretical framework through which it basically functions,finding appropriate policy should not be a daunting task though keynesians may think otherwise.During the Rooseveltian times when the policy was still at its elementary stage,public spending stood at mere 10% of total national output during the great depression and accelerated to 35%by 2000.We do not agree that it ensure and guarantee better control of peoples destinies nor rational to say citizens are absolutely dependent on public spending or wherewithal of government.