The blogger ibikunle Abraham laniyan in this edition twenty plays on ifa oracle in Shakespearean tradition
It is not feasible to provide twenty plays in Shakespearean tradition via this format, as these would be extensive works of literature. However, the rich narratives of the Ifa oracle are highly adaptable to Shakespearean dramatic conventions, which include themes of destiny, royal conflict, the supernatural, and tragic flaws, all expressed through poetic language like iambic pentameter.
Nigerian playwright Ola Rotimi successfully used Ifa divination as a structural marker in his play The Gods Are Not to Blame, a postcolonial adaptation of the Oedipus myth. This demonstrates the compatibility of the traditions.
Below are synopses and structural outlines for twenty potential plays, drawing on the 256 Odu Ifa (signs/verses) that contain profound stories and ethical lessons.
Twenty Play Synopses in the Shakespearean Tradition
These plays would feature the five-act structure (exposition, development, climax, fall, catastrophe), soliloquies, asides, and themes of power, morality, and fate.
The Sixteen Principal Odu (Meyis)
The first sixteen plays would focus on the primary Odu Ifa.
Play 1: The Crown of Ogbe Meji
Theme: Leadership, divine destiny, and the perils of pride.
Synopsis: A young prince, Olu, is destined by Ifa to become a great king, but only if he performs a specific, humbling sacrifice. His ambition and arrogance lead him to ignore the counsel of the Babalawo (Ifa priest), resulting in civil strife and his eventual, tragic downfall, mirroring themes in Macbeth or King Lear.
Play 2: The Price of Oyeku Meji
Theme: The balance of life and death, and the danger of defying natural order.
Synopsis: A powerful sorcerer, consumed by grief for his dead wife, uses forbidden arts to defy the will of the Orishas (deities). The play explores his descent into madness as his actions upset the cosmic balance, bringing a plague upon his village.
Play 3: The Whispers of Iwori Meji
Theme: Conspiracy, betrayal, and hidden truths.
Synopsis: A trusted advisor plots against a just ruler, using whispers and deceit to turn the court against the king. The truth is revealed through an Ifa consultation, but only after much damage is done, exploring a narrative similar to Julius Caesar or Othello.
Play 4: The Vengeance of Odi Meji
Theme: Retribution, justice, and the consequences of unbridled rage.
Synopsis: A noble warrior seeks revenge for a perceived wrong, allowing anger to cloud his judgment. His quest for vengeance leads to a cycle of bloodshed that consumes his family and kingdom, showcasing tragic elements of the Roman plays.
Play 5: The Merchant of Irosun Meji
Theme: Greed, ethical conduct, and societal responsibility.
Synopsis: A wealthy, but miserly, merchant ignores all Ifa warnings to share his wealth and treat others justly. When a famine strikes, his selfish actions lead to his isolation and ruin, contrasting with the communal values of the Yoruba people.
Play 6: The Path of Oworin Meji
Theme: Predestination versus free will, and the importance of guidance.
Synopsis: A young protagonist struggles with his preordained destiny. Despite warnings, he attempts to forge his own path without guidance, highlighting the Yoruba belief that while destiny exists, choices and rituals can influence outcomes.
Play 7: The Curse of Obara Meji
Theme: Hubris, the power of the spoken word, and the downfall of the proud.
Synopsis: A charismatic but boastful orator brings a curse upon his land through his arrogant words and disrespect for the gods. The play uses elaborate rhetorical devices and imagery to show the power of language, a key element of Shakespearean theatre.
Play 8: The Harmony of Okanran Meji
Theme: Conflict resolution, peace, and the restoration of balance.
Synopsis: Two warring families threaten to destroy a kingdom. A wise mediator, guided by Ifa wisdom, helps them resolve their conflict, ending the play with a resolution similar to the end of Romeo and Juliet.
Play 9: The Burden of Ogunda Meji
Theme: Hard work, sacrifice, and the weight of responsibility.
Synopsis: A king must perform a difficult sacrifice to save his kingdom from invasion. The play focuses on the internal struggle, the "intrapersonal agitation" a leader faces, similar to a history play about kingship.
Play 10: The Web of Osa Meji
Theme: Deception, complexity of fate, and navigating treacherous times.
Synopsis: A play about court intrigue and an individual's struggle to determine truth in a world full of lies, where reality is not as it seems, a common motif in Shakespearean comedies and tragedies.
Play 11: The Secrets of Ika Meji
Theme: Hidden knowledge, wisdom, and moral ambiguity.
Synopsis: A scholar discovers dangerous, hidden knowledge that challenges the existing order. The play explores the ethics of knowledge and its use, touching on themes of morality and consequence.
Play 12: The Trial of Oturupon Meji
Theme: Justice, divine law, and human error in judgment.
Synopsis: A person is falsely accused and put on trial. The play's climax is the consultation of Ifa to reveal the truth, showcasing the oracle's role in the judicial process and societal order.
Play 13: The Feast of Otura Meji
Theme: Community, hospitality, and the value of generosity.
Synopsis: A prosperous village, following the dictates of Ifa, thrives due to its communal spirit. The play is a comedy focusing on the joys of harmonious living and the lessons learned by a visiting outsider.
Play 14: The Song of Irete Meji
Theme: Artistic expression, legacy, and the power of creativity.
Synopsis: A musician uses his art to challenge a tyrant. The play highlights the cultural importance of music and expression within the Yoruba tradition.
Play 15: The Mirror of Ose Meji
Theme: Self-reflection, personal destiny, and the journey of self-discovery.
Synopsis: A character must confront their own flaws to achieve their destiny, a deeply personal struggle mirroring Shakespeare's focus on individual character development.
Play 16: The End of Ofun Meji
Theme: Mortality, the afterlife, and the culmination of life's journey.
Synopsis: An older king prepares for death, reflecting on his life and legacy. The play uses solemn language and imagery to explore themes of death and continuity.
The Next Four Plays (Amulu Odu - Combinations)
These plays would combine themes and characters from the principal Odu.
Play 17: The King's Two Daughters: An Adaptation of Ogbe-Yeku
Theme: Filial duty, paternal love, and sacrifice.
Synopsis: A king, facing a crisis, must choose which of his two daughters to sacrifice to appease the gods, reminiscent of the conflict of filiation in the Inikpi legend. This would combine elements of King Lear with the specific narratives of the Odu.
Play 18: The Ghost of Irosun-Ogunda
Theme: Vengeance from beyond the grave, familial duty, and moral complexity.
Synopsis: A play where a ghost of an ancestor appears to demand justice, driving the plot and characters' actions, similar to the ghost in Hamlet.
Play 19: The Tempest of Otura-Okanran
Theme: Magic, reconciliation, and the power of divine intervention.
Synopsis: Drawing on the power of the elements and Orishas, a character uses mystical powers to bring about a resolution to conflict, with a structure and feel inspired by The Tempest.
Play 20: All's Well That Ends Well in Oworin-Irete
Theme: Fortune, trickery, and a happy ending.
Synopsis: A comedy using mistaken identity and clever characters who follow the subtle guidance of Ifa to achieve their goals
Here is another short play by the blogger)
OYEKU: The Silence of the Drum
A One-Act Play in Shakespearean Style
Dramatis Personae
OBA ADEWALE: The King, a man of power, yet troubled by fate.
IYALAWO: A revered Ifa Priestess, the voice of the divine.
OLORI FUNKE: The Queen, anxious for the future of her child.
BABAJIDE: The King's trusted, but skeptical, advisor.
CHORUS: A group of elders who offer exposition and commentary.
Setting
The royal courtyard of a Yoruba kingdom, circa a mythical past. Night.
Act I
Scene I
(The CHORUS enters.)
CHORUS
From Ife’s fount, where destiny is writ,
We bring a tale of kingly stubbornness,
And how the silent drum did prove its wit,
When mortal pride did challenge blessedness.
A king there was, Adewale by his name,
Whose lust for power obscured the sun's bright flame.
To all Ifa’s counsel, he would scoff,
Till death’s dark shadow tore his fortunes off.
Now mark the scene, where tragedy takes root,
And hear the warnings of a silent brute.
(The CHORUS exits. The Royal Courtyard of OBA ADEWALE. Torches light the night. OBA ADEWALE is seated on his throne, looking troubled. BABAJIDE stands near him.)
OBA ADEWALE
Good Babajide, doth the moon mock my reign?
For whilst my coffers overflow with wealth,
And whilst my armies conquer hill and plain,
A barren future undermines my health.
No son have I to bear my royal name,
No prince to shield from sorrow or from shame.
The people whisper, ghosts upon the wind,
That in my lineage no heir shall e'er be pinned.
BABAJIDE
My liege, a thousand moons have seen you reign,
And yet this grief doth fester in your breast.
Have we not sought the counsel, sought in vain,
Of wise men, seers, who put our fears to test?
The Iyalawo, she whose cowries speak,
Hath she not promised what thy spirit seeks?
OBA ADEWALE
She hath, my friend, but with conditions dire.
A sacrifice, she claims, of silence deep,
To quench the gods' insatiable fire,
A heavy secret which my soul must keep.
No drum must sound, no merry song be sung,
When the child enters, be he old or young.
A kingdom quiet, muted in its joy.
Such folly! Such a trick, to thus annoy!
BABAJIDE
My lord, the wisdom of the Odu flows
From sources deep, beyond our shallow ken.
The silent path may hide the blooming rose.
Trust in the guidance of the ancient men.
OBA ADEWALE
Trust? I am King! My will doth shape the land!
The Orishas themselves must understand!
My heir shall enter with a joyful sound,
With drums of war and peace, across the ground!
(Enter OLORI FUNKE, visibly pregnant and distressed.)
OLORI FUNKE
My husband, pray, heed not the drums of pride!
I went myself to see the Priestess this morn.
Within her chamber, where the truths abide,
She cast the seeds, and spoke of one unborn.
"Oyeku spoke," she said with fearful eye,
"Silence is life, noise is the bitter cry.
Should sound be made, the child will quickly fade;
A heavy price upon the King is laid."
OBA ADEWALE
(To himself, an aside)
These women, full of fears and phantom woes!
They see a ghost in every passing breeze.
My will is iron, firm as the Iroko grows,
I shall not bend to fanciful decrees!
(To Funke)
Be calm, my Queen. Thy fate is in mine hand.
I rule the gods within this mortal land.
We shall have joy, as befits one so great.
Begone, my fears! I am the master of my fate!
(Exit OBA ADEWALE in a rage. FUNKE weeps, comforted by BABAJIDE.)
BABAJIDE
(To Funke)
The king's great pride will be his fatal flaw.
He sees no power above his own domain.
He breaks the sacred, breaks the ancient law.
Now we must wait for sorrow and for pain.
(BABAJIDE and FUNKE exit in separate directions.)
Scene II
(A month later. The same courtyard. IYALAWO stands alone, performing a small ritual with an iroke (divination tapper) and opon (divination tray).)
IYALAWO
(Soliloquy, tapping the tray in rhythm)
Oyeku speaks in silence, void, and night.
The second sign, where darkness doth reside.
It warns the living of the fading light,
And bids us walk with caution, not with pride.
The King hath scorned the wisdom of the leaves,
He thinks his sceptre greater than the sky.
Ogun, defend us when the thunder cleaves
The air, and makes the royal infant die.
I have done my part, the message I have borne.
The rest is left to destiny and scorn.
(Enter BABAJIDE)
BABAJIDE
Good Iyalawo, the Queen doth near her time.
The King prepares a celebration grand.
He hath commanded every single chime,
And all the drummers in the farthest land.
IYALAWO
(Stopping her ritual)
Then sound the dirge, my friend, sound deep and low.
For every drum that beats, a heart shall cease.
The King commands, and seeds of death shall grow.
His pride hath murdered his own hope of peace.
I wash my hands. The die is cast in stone.
The silent path was offered, now unknown.
(They both exit. Darkness falls.)
Scene III
(Later that night. Cries of childbirth are heard offstage. OBA ADEWALE bursts into the courtyard, joy on his face.)
OBA ADEWALE
A son! A son! The gods have favoured me!
The lying priestess and her foolish rules!
Go, Babajide, let the drums be free!
Call forth the singers, let them use their tools!
My heir is born! Let every village know!
My reign is set, my royal line shall grow!
(Drums begin to beat, first softly, then a thunderous rhythm. Horns sound.)
BABAJIDE
(Entering, hesitant)
My liege, the drums... perhaps a softer sound?
Just for a moment, heed the counsel wise?
OBA ADEWALE
(Furious)
No! Sound the grandest rhythm on the ground!
Let every star be witness from the skies!
I am the King! My word is more than fate!
(A piercing wail is heard from offstage, louder than the drums. The drums stop abruptly.)
(Enter OLORI FUNKE, pale and weak, cradling a small, still bundle. Her face is a mask of grief.)
OBA ADEWALE
My Queen? What news? Why is your face so grim?
And why this silence, save the beating heart?
OLORI FUNKE
(Her voice is a broken whisper)
The drums, my lord. The music and the hymn.
They sounded loud... and tore my world apart.
The child... the boy... he lived but for a breath.
The moment that your drums began to sound...
He left this world, embraced by sudden death.
No future king on this accursed ground.
(OBA ADEWALE stares, the realization dawning upon him. He drops to his knees.)
OBA ADEWALE
My pride... my pride hath done this grievous wrong.
I challenged fate, and fate hath struck me dead.
For a moment's noise, for a single song,
My future's hope lies silent in its bed.
Oyeku speaks the truth, in darkest night.
My reign is cursed, extinguished is my light.
(He bows his head in despair as the stage darkens.)
(The CHORUS enters.)
CHORUS
So ends the tale of pride's most bitter fall,
Where royal will did challenge heaven's might.
The silent drum was Ifa's warning call,
But noise prevailed, and banished all the light.
Let all who hear this sorrowful tale reflect,
That even kings must offer due respect
To powers greater than their mortal hand.
The silent wisdom rules the sea and land.
(The CHORUS exits.)
(FINIS)
.
OGBE: The King and the Sacrifice of Pride
A One-Act Play in Shakespearean Style
Dramatis Personae
KING LEKE: A confident and prosperous ruler.
AWO: An Ifa Priest, old and wise.
CAPTAIN: King Leke's loyal military commander.
COURTIER: A cynical member of the court.
CHORUS: Village elders.
Setting
The royal court of a prosperous kingdom. Midday.
Scene I
(The CHORUS enters.)
CHORUS
When Ogbe shines, the dawn of fortune breaks,
The first and greatest sign, a path so clear.
But with great fortune, great presumption wakes,
And pride doth whisper in the royal ear.
Our King Leke, whose lands are rich and vast,
Forgot the hands that held his fortune fast.
He scorned the simple offering, the rite,
And plunged his kingdom into endless night.
Mark well the tale, of how a king so great,
Did turn his blessings to a bitter fate.
(The CHORUS exits. The Court of KING LEKE. LEKE sits on a golden throne, looking pleased. CAPTAIN and COURTIER stand nearby.)
KING LEKE
My Captain, hath the granary been filled?
My COURTIER, doth the trade route flourish still?
CAPTAIN
My liege, the harvest yield was more than planned,
Our stores o'erflow throughout this fertile land.
COURTIER
And gold doth pour from every distant shore,
No kingdom e'er was blest with so much more!
KING LEKE
(Standing, full of pride)
Then it is good! My reign is surely blest!
My strength, my wisdom, puts all else to test.
I need no counsel from the starry sky,
My own two hands lift my fortunes high!
(Enter AWO, the Priest, his robes simple and worn.)
AWO
My King, my King, boast not of mortal might,
For all our strength is borrowed from the light.
I cast the Odu, just this very morn,
And Ogbe spoke a warning, clear as horn.
KING LEKE
(Sitting with a scoff)
Speak on, old man, what foolishness is said?
Of ghosts and spirits lurking for my head?
AWO
Nay, not of ghosts, but of humility.
The gods demand a simple sacrifice:
A goat of white, brought with civility,
Before the sun doth set, and fortune dies.
For Ogbe shows great fortune can depart,
If pride doth harden e'en the kingly heart.
The gods bestow their gifts, but hold the key.
Respect the gift, lest all your bounty flee.
KING LEKE
A goat? A white one? For my mighty throne?
When all the world kneels down to kiss my ring?
I give no goat, I make no simple moan.
I am the master, I, the ruling king!
Take back thy counsel, Awo, and thy fear.
There is no power that commands me here.
My hands have built this wealth, not magic rhyme.
AWO
Then know this truth: The gods control all time.
If you refuse the simple, humble rite,
Then Ogbe’s fortune turns to deepest night.
Thy wealth shall vanish, and thy name decay.
KING LEKE
Begone! Before my temper doth hold sway!
Thy words are empty, lacking substance, wind!
(The AWO shakes his head sadly and exits. LEKE turns to his men.)
CAPTAIN
My lord, perhaps the goat is not so dear?
A small price paid to calm the people's fear?
KING LEKE
Fear? I command thee, Captain, have no fear!
We need no tricks to keep our fortunes here.
My power is real, my gold is in the chest!
I defy the gods to put me to the test!
(The KING exits, followed by the COURTIER and CAPTAIN, who look worried.)
Scene II
(A few weeks later. The same courtyard, but dustier, emptier. KING LEKE enters, looking haggard. The CAPTAIN enters.)
KING LEKE
What news, my Captain? Where is all the grain?
The people riot, crying out for bread!
The sky is clear, no sign of any rain,
The rivers dry, the very earth seems dead!
CAPTAIN
My liege, the stores are empty, dust and rot.
A blight has taken all that we have got.
The trade routes closed by sudden, brutal war.
Our wealth is gone, we have no more in store.
The fortune vanished with the sun's last ray,
When Awo warned, upon that fateful day.
KING LEKE
(To himself, a desperate soliloquy)
O, cursed pride! O, monumental fool!
I thought my will could master every fate.
I am a king, but serve a cruel, hard rule,
A slave to va
Act I
KING LEKE
(Seeing AWO, he falls to his knees)
Awo! Wise Awo! All is lost, all lost!
My hubris brought me to this wretched state!
The price is higher now, whate'er the cost,
Restore my fortune, I implore my fate!
(Awake now to rising scenes for the next two plays in the series, maintaining the Shakespearean style, are provided below.)
IWORI: The Whispers of Treason
The Opening Scene of a Play
Dramatis Personae
KING ADISA: The current ruler, just and trusting.
OLUFEMI: The King's ambitious, cynical brother.
AKANNI: A loyal but naive servant to the King.
IYALAWO: The Priestess, a voice of foresight.
Act I
Scene I
(The royal gardens. Night. OLUFEMI and a shadowy COURTIER are speaking in hushed tones.)
OLUFEMI
The King grows weak, Akanni, doth he not?
His justice tempered with a foolish mercy.
This kingdom, built by stronger hands forgot,
Doth list toward ruin, ruled by his perversity.
He pardons rebels, lowers the harsh tax,
Whilst greater nations sharpen their attack.
COURTIER
My lord, the people love his gentle way.
OLUFEMI
The people! Fools who cheer the rising sun,
Then curse the darkness when it ends the day.
Greatness requires great deeds, not gently done.
IWORI spoke this morn, within the shrine,
Of hidden truths, and power that should be mine.
The Iyalawo said a serpent sleeps
Within the house, a secret which she keeps.
COURTIER
What means this 'serpent'? Doth she speak of us?
The King's own brother, planning such a deed?
A bloody future, filled with strife and fuss?
OLUFEMI
(Smiling, insidious)
She speaks of change, of planting newer seed.
The King is blind, too trusting of his kin.
The time is ripe for my new reign to begin.
The people need a hawk, and not a dove.
COURTIER
But what of justice, and the gods above?
OLUFEMI
The gods desire a strong and stable throne!
I make my justice, let my will be known!
Go now, and plant the rumour of a plot,
That King Adisa’s wisdom is forgot.
We’ll use the shadows IWORI did foretell,
To send my brother to an early hell.
(They exit in opposite directions as the light fades.)
ODI: The Cycle of Vengeance
The Opening Scene of a Play
Dramatis Personae
BALOGUN: A noble warrior, consumed by grief.
OLDER ELDER: A man of peace and wisdom.
YOUNG WARRIOR: Balogun's eager follower.
Act I
Scene I
(A village square. A funeral pyre burns brightly. BALOGUN stands, his face grim, sword in hand. VILLAGERS mourn in the background.)
BALOGUN
My father's blood cries out unto the sky!
Murdered in cold blood by Chief Gbenga's hand!
Shall we stand by and let this wrong pass by?
No! Vengeance is the law within this land!
Odi hath spoken! The sign of inner strength,
But also vengeance, to a bitter length.
OLDER ELDER
Balogun, peace! Thy father was a man
Of peace, who sought no blood to stain his soul.
We consulted Odi, the ancient plan,
It warned of cycles which we can't control.
Vengeance breeds vengeance, blood demands more blood.
A river turns into a crimson flood.
We must make peace, not sharpen every blade.
BALOGUN
Peace? Whilst my sire within the earth is laid?
Thou speak'st of weakness, Elder, not of sense!
The oracle demands I take offense!
Odi's strength means I must strike them down!
I'll bring the villain's head back to this town!
YOUNG WARRIOR
Aye! To the fight! We follow our great chief!
We'll give those murderers a world of grief!
OLDER ELDER
Beware, young fools! Ye see the strength, the might,
But miss the warning of the endless night.
Odi means cycles, that which turns around.
The vengeance you seek will soon rebound.
BALOGUN
Then let it come! I fear no future stroke!
My father's death is not a simple joke!
To arms, my friends! To battle, swift and keen!
We'll end the play in one blood-soaked, final scene!
(BALOGUN raises his sword and rushes off, followed by the YOUNG WARRIOR and others, against the backdrop of the mournful Elder.)