A NATURE'S TRIPS.PART 20

The forester's wingspan winkled and winkled windswept and windward,invariably winces winched at nature's wondrous windowdressing to quell his willies and somewhat willothewisped willynillies.Now the wilderness wildcat whooping wiggled wideeyed like wildfire at the whit of widgeons and waterbirds avalanche in the wild as they sow their wild oats,peradventure for the whirligig of whist drive.Not the wetblanket to whack the ecosystem,with abracadabra of the hunting expedition,werewolf instantaneously to disguise his wellknit Weltanschauung as wilderness welter.It was the waterborne trade of flamingos,puffins,swans,mallards,coots,storks,herons,gulls,pelicans,penguins,moorhens and the cormorants,wallowing and splattering water for sport,in the fast encroaching wallah's owlish eyes.They waltzed like waifs and strays with minacious waggles from the Wading birds,the vultures rampaging for herons and cranes as fodders and birds of prey.The werewolf combatant flexed the wading birds,vermins of the hebron's ecosyste

m

A NATURE'S TRIPS.PART 19B

pecking the leaves daintily,flit they from startled night.Now doth he slumber in the improvised summerhouse,in the wild,with the moonbeam parting rays,sinking behind hills lonely spray carols by lovely Whippowil,over yonder wood crowned hill its curtain twillight drops,softly over fields to hear Whippowil sing.His song bed veiled dusky with music throbs and thrills adorns the nightways with warm and musky,over meadows fluting cry ghostly grim startling,charmed out of twilight esoteric dim,solemn laybirds,lay lonesome in joyless ni

ght.

A NATURE'S TRIPS.PART 19A

The White Owls in belfry sits,velvet pinions,darkened flight,lived in the hollow trees,supreme monarchy of the night amidst the black yews shelter,nestled in a row,immovable perch chirps the morose away of the fallen sun.Oracular Owl sits on a limb,the brown owl in the ivy bush,horny beak beneath he cowls.In the hollow trees,doth he lived,the spectral owl despised in the sunshine hour.Sweet Suffolk Owl,so trimly dight adorned with feathers animated the forester's odysey.A weary woodman crossing the crowded furze heath,rocking homeward and the Owl's cry,whewing in circling whirls alight him to hear the whizzes and rustling ling of thetimbrous tread,trampling beneath the squatting thorn andlonely spot teases that spurredthe jarring noises of the night.From the insensate plow to the mottled morn,horror voices utter with naivety,the oracles of distant clouds.O Patridges,o patridges,beneath the alders,beneath the hemlocks,across the brooks and hills,furtive gazes and pompous plummage and peregrinatory tentacles

A NATURE'S TRIPS.PART 18

could abash little birds,plumpy,fatty,slekky pompous with meddled sighs,hardworked oxen maimed grits,Carrion in the palace of skulls,crown's splinters enthroned on scaffold bones,chirping birds in golden feathers,in rain soaked awesome weathers.Solitary flight faintly,dizzying height,like towers and molehills,sure like emmets in sunsets sky.Stormy petrels,a thousand miles from land,roaring seas tossing,billow to billow cast,fleecy snow on stormy blast,scattered sails like weeds,quivering reedlike shaky masts.Seabirds that float upon the waves,the juvenile Sea-mew on waters blue dreaming,the Seagulls with stormy wings,gray spirit of the seas,turpedo of wild waters,neath the sky tumult plumes gray wing roaming,trouncing distance from Ocean's dimness to lone water ways cliffs empurpled cerulean bays,rocking cavern emerald gleam,cartest souls of halcyon days away.Not pine away little beachbird eclipses,with melancholic voices,boding cry in the flying waves,bade farewell to fairland in rejoices.Gust of the winds.

A NATURE'S TRIPS.PART 17

and forlorn seas could not contain them.Golden rings on clever faces,incandescent feathers,restless hearts,parakeet all day chatter.The sparkling deers on the slope of summer morning mist,blithe birds wraith in golden lightning of clever sunken sun,over bright'ning clouds,pale purple melts circling this golden flights,heavens stars in broad daylight,shrill delight with keen arrows of the silver moonshine,gravid spheres,intense lamp narrows in white dawn clarity of dearest sunken earth and lonely clouds.Heavenly beams of the moonrains,singing hymns in gliding rainclouds,roses embowered in green leaves,deflowered warmwinds,vernal showers trinkles on twinkling grass and rain awakened flowers,fountains of happy strains,languous clangor of the waves and refurbished sky,keen pyrotechnics of sublime wedge,dust pavillion,serpent gleams on sunny mountains,hideous light in tempestuous glitters.Harmonious laughter of the woods,screams at the klieglight and shadow of this sleeping satiety.Sweetest gale on storm's sore

A NATURE'S TRIPS.PART 16

Crooked hands cringing upon the mountain walls,ringed with caged birds,in Sun's lonely land,rose again the deadwood gallivant,beneath him crawls the wrinkled seas and thunderbolt falls,nether caws purloined by thunderstorms of the azure castles and caves walls.This pure brows of mysterious glimmer steams.Fairy little elf,awkward rosy nose and floppy cap upon this boodle,whiteeyebrows flaring over jaunty steps across bonfire glow of muddy pond,golden gleam,his sentinel cast down the coarse darkwood,sunk heartaches,dull opiate of the numbed pangs,drains melodious promenade of beechen greenfields and numberless shadows,purple stained pale of the haply queen moon,embalmed verdurous blossom and winding thicket of the grassy fruit tree wild,pastoral eglantine,white hawthorn and faded violets,muskyrose,endeared to orchard and dewy wine of groaning flies fret upon summer eves.And to sing,they sing,ears in vain,a sod high in their requiem,to which his songs sing and jubilant as the old sleigh bells.Forlorn lands and

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 28

tends to guide his expectation theory.Nevertheless,Keynes revolutionary ideas ushered the world economy into golden age of capitalism which formed the basis of post war institutional structural transformation,driven by the political,economic and market incentives of the period.Whereas Hayekian philosophy of neoliberalism took off in the seventies,driven by the rise financialisation and globalisation of the later period.I do not disagree the shift from keynesian consensus of the 40s,50s and 60s of the post war era into the Reaganomics vs.Thatcherite era of monetarist consensus of the 80s and 90s onward or such pendulum swing was the handiwork and global influence of Friedman vs Hayek's intellectual society cabal.The rebirth of ideological victory of market neoliberalism was born out of golden necessities of the period.We cannot forget the sullen part either,the epileptic performances of multinational financial institutions,architect of great contraction crisis including the foundational ideas of this cabal.

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 27

placed emphasis on the motivation and intentionality of the human agency.However they entertained divergent credence on how the explanation of thought and action are contrived in economics including beliefs or how their conceptions are formed.Hayek based his explanation on the evolutionary theory of human psychology,Keynes based his viewpoint in probable reasoning to govern belief formation,specifically where probability is a logical concept.Individuals act rationally following rules in a psychological premise and Hayek also maintained that conventional expectations as the basic guide for agents in economic life.Keynes agreed conventional expectations truly guide economic behaviour,but justified only in position of total ignorance.In this context or condition,agents tend to based their actions in reasonable expectation freed from conventions.Hence,it is expedient for mordern institutions guiding economic policy to avoid the negative consequences of such conventional pitfalls.The theory of logical probability

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 26

And obscurity,he went back to the theory and used them as point of defense in 1930s.He was later awarded a nobel in economics in the 70s,for the contribution he made to business cycle theories in the fields of economics.Hayek later returned to Friedman his friend and rival and reexamined Ropke's case with special treatment concluded and finally rejected the position.For goodness,why did Hayek change his mind,upon consultation with Friedman?Methink,Keynes ideas was truly revolutionary and unparallel.Hayek's business cycle theory posit that unsustainable boom defined by the lengthening of capital structure can be generated by a loose monetary policy stance.Still its nebula had refused to ebb among economists,due to empirical disconfirmation,with the intention to graft it with eclectics of keynesianism or monetarism to make it relevant to mordern macroeconomics.Both economists detested empiricist approaches to economics with priority assignment to mere observation as cardinal source of knowledge.Both also placed

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES? PART 25

The most publicised publicity stunt and most popular intellectual fight in the fields of mordern macroeconomics was a lifetime ideological rivalry of between John Maynard Keynes and Friedrick Von Hayek for which we produced an appetizer to round up this treatise.They both extremely differ in thought by time and space.Both provided exposition and solution to the critical challenges of the great depression.Although he was not popular like his rival,Hayek hardly changed his business cycle theories during the depression.As far as keynes was concerned,he observed that the depression was caused by too much saving over investment,for which Hayek bickered.But insteadwas caused by excess of investment over savings.Whereas Ropke as early as 1930s attempted that synthesis,had posited that too much investment or over investment can degenerate into recession as in 1929 into depression triggered by oversaving.He at first scrutinised Ropke's theory for clarity and later rejected him.But after years of years of silence and

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 24

and wages basically tend to be rigid,with the plausible outcome that quantity of output tends to adjust to shift in aggregate demand changes more than prices.Whereas the old keynesians assumed the stickiness of wages and prices,where the new keynesians have modeled explanation and the reason behind the expectation of this price and wage stickiness based on rational behaviour of economic agents like firms and individuals.The stickiness of prices driven by menu costs which are incurred when businesses change prices as compared to stickiness of wages tied to long term labour contracts.Wages are set and driven by longterm considerations,on the basis of implicit contracts theory.I wrote alot about John Maynard Keynes,the father of macroeconomics in my longest macroeconomic treatise"MACROECONOMIC THOUGHTS"written in series still running that you can refer to and i will like to end this tedious piece with the most famous fight in mordern economics,precisely the rivalry between Friedrick Von Hayek and J.M. Keynes.

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 23

on the monetary and fiscal policies to close inflationary and recessionary gaps.This they argued because the model used sometimes barely recognised that the microeconomic choices by various economic agents like firms,individuals etc were more or less influenced by government policies.To formulate their own rational expectations will contrast sharply government attempt at using stabilization activist policies.A new group of new classical macroeconomists like Leyland and Edward Prescott in their Real Business Cycle models postulated that shifts in the aggregate supply curve are catalyst behind business fluctuations.They noted some important factors responsible for the changes and shifting in aggregate supply curve such as technology like new products,new raw material sources and new methods of production,good or bad weather.They placed less emphasis on monetary policy,that changes in the money supply is caused by changes in real GDP.Now the new keynesians like old keynesians assume that in the short run,prices

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 22

predominated 40s,50s and 60s a period in which government utilised tax reform to grow public spending to drive up velocity in economic growth and was counterproductive in the 70s.The keynesian philosophy by the mid-60s was seriously been challenged by the monetarists who placed more emphasis on monetary management.The monetarists gained followers by the late 60s due to accurate prediction of hydraheaded stagflation by its exponent even before it was fully dissected and deciphered by orthodoxies.The growth in the followership of the later school was also linked to two factors.They include the persistent delays in promulgating tax legislation and the later failure of tax increase of 1968 to positively impact much restrictive effect on the GDP necessitated its abandonment and doubt over its efficacy.The emergence of Robert Lucas and the so called league of New classical macroeconomists in the 1970s attacked both demand side and supply side economics.It argued that government cannot placed much emphasis on the

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 21

was thought every society could bargain the right size of economic growth,it desired by equally manipulating policies to give the rightcombination of unemployment and inflation to attain this desiredgrowth.The deployment of effective macroeconomic model made the goal much more effective to attain rather than mere palliative use of institutional policies deployed to the wits'end.Simple and straightforward keynesian logics provided the solution:tax less and spend more in an occasion of sluggish productivity and unemployment.Tax more and spend less,with the policies,moving in anticlockwise direction.The stagflation worried the 70s and the early 80s.The keynesians generally by their tradition have placed much more emphasis on fiscal policy than the monetarists belief,enjoyed debates in discretionary public spending and government intervention as key to economic stability.It was well timed to solve the depression problems and often regarded keynesian economics as crisis economics or depression economics.It truly

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 20

The Stop-go monetary policy of the period,though had since been discontinued was responsible for growing prices even in the face of lowered Federal reserve fund rate and inflation grew to 13.3percent by 1979.Paul Volcker,successor to Arthur Burns at the Fed.jerked it up to 20percent in 1980.Consequently set the stage for the emergence of Reaganomics of the period and there was 25percent personal income tax cut that paved way to the biggest peacetime economic historic expansion.It truly ended the stagflation and inflationary anxiety since the 50s.The relationship between the rate of inflation and the rate of unemployment enjoyed close affinity during the early 50s and 60s and it led to a proposition what they called modified Philips Curve.That by the use of stimulative monetary and fiscal policies,a society could reduce unemployment rate say down to 4percent from 6percent but at the cost of buying a 2percent increase in inflation rate.Although it no longer seem to hold waters,in contrast to the period when it

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 19 B.

nor lower wages.The unpalatable outcome was massive retrenchment to cut cost and unemployment spiraled.The decline in economic growth was caused by decline in consumer demand and Nixon three attempts also backfired.First the Federal Reserve attempt to fight inflation tends to worsen it.The Fed.revised Federal fund rate and then jerked it down to combat recession.

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 19

balance of trade and protect domestic industries.Not only did he raise import prices,he removed United States from the gold standard,stopped backing the dollar with gold in 1971,which had once kept dollar value tiedto a fixed amount of gold as it were under the 1944 Bretton Woods agreement.Many countriesdecided their choices and were either pegged to the dollar or gold,making the dollar a global interventionist currency.This phenomenalfeat wrought by the man that was later haunted,chased out of office by watergate scandal could have baffled keynes,had he lived to witness this change of new global economic order.The problem started when the United Kingdom decided to redeem $3billion and the United States didnt have sufficient volume in her reserves at Fort Knox.Hence,Nixon stopped the practice of redeeming dollar with gold,skyrocketed the price of precious metals and dollar value plummeted.Import prices too grew and growth slowed even more when the United States companies couldnt raise prices to make a profit.

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 18

and April,1975 during the same year in which precisely by May unemployment stood at 9percent,just two months at the end of the recession.It was begun with mild recession in 1970 negative for 3 quarters and unemployment notched 6.1percent.And after he was reelected pledged to boost growth without inflation trigger.He was reelected because of an accessory of three different fiscal policies announced on August 15,1971.The announcement somehow sowed the seeds of later stagflation or popularly called Nixon shock,as declared during announcement.The 1973 oil embargo when OPEC cuts oil and placed embargo on the United States was blamed by the experts as the cause and many economists disagreed.Inflation grew exponentially as prices hit the roof,quadrupled and still wasn't sufficient ground to cause stagflation and it was a combination of fiscal and monetary policies that actively led to it.Besides 90day freeze on prices and wages,Nixon also imposed 10percent tariff on import with intention to lower balance of trade.

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 16

and high unemployment.It's quite unusual for such event to occur in a weak economy,given the fact that in a normal market economy,tardy growth often deters inflation.It happens in a climate driven by supply constraint when central bank,through the printing of govt currency expands money supply.It also occurs when monetary policy creates credit,growing money supply and inflation.The growth in taxes and rise in interest rate apparently slows growth and promote production decline.In this context when conflicting expansionary and contractionary policies collide,plumeting growth and creating high inflation and high unemployment is popularly known as stagflation.Economists boasted it would never happen again but Zimbabwe in 2004 experienced stagflation and later beyond switched to hyperinflation.The recession of 1973-75 or stagflation was characterised with 5 consecutive quarters of negative GDP.With trippled inflation of 3.4 percent to 9.6 percent in 1973 and stood at 10percent and 12 percent between February 1974

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 15

The Lyndon Johnson era of 1960s ended with demandpull inflation splurged on unchecked.The period of 1970s was not spared either of the phenomenal inflationforces of the succeeding period.Did Nixon like Johnson impose a tax increase or fear economic slowdown as a conservative to oppose increase in the role of government through taxation?However,he did attempt two options such as the restraint in the amount of money supply from the printing press and the 90day price and wage freeze.The first could not guarrantee optimal effect and as unemployment escalated,public protest grew.Subject to recommendation by some economists to use succesful wartime economic measure at peacetime to curb inflation that was never used before in peacetime,Nixon responded with the 9Oday freeze policy.It failed and people still didnt alter their inflation expectations.The stagflation era of 1970s challenged the fundamental orthodoxies of the preceding period.Stagflation had been defined as a combination of stagnant economic growth,high

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 14

on the fact that Kennedy's approach was largely keynesian economics characterised by massive tax cut that boosted heavily consumer spending and business activity skyrocketed.As new factories opened shops unemployment declined to the lowest margin.Dont forget booms barely died of old age were often murdered by the Fed. and this one too did not last too long when high demand grew unchecked to exert new inflationary pressure.President Lyndon Johnson'sWar on Poverty,boosted spending and better still Vietnam war skyrocketed agregate spending.Consequently by 1965,agregate demand ballooned by 8 percent perannum.With production stilllagging behind,shortages and inflation boomerang and inevitable with no direction to curb spending.He opposed tax increase and spending on Poverty war programs accelerated.But spending had been allowed togrow fartoo long unopposed and by60s or 1967,inflation waseverywhere.By 1968,hehad compromisedwith one year Surtax signed into law and too little to drive full saileconomy of the late60s.

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 13

we recall the civil right movement era of the 60s what did we learn from the recession of the period?There were two options that faced J.F.Kennedy when he took office in 1961 at a time economists agreed the country was recuperating from 1960 recession.Increase government spending on social programs or cut taxes and two prominent economists serving kennedy bickered for presidential attention.While a less prominent and new kennedy's economic adviser thought differently John Kenneth Galbraith wanted government spending to increase.Walter Heller with much pragmatic approach saw Kennedy was making little progress to get approval in the congress against the heavy lobbying from Galbraith.The President declined at first but the slump of 1962 made Heller's argument more convincing and vote swung in his favour.Across the board tax cut was favoured by the middle of 1962.Heller succeeded and prevented another recession as against longterm implication of Galbraith's choice of fiscal policy.Heller's perception was hinged

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 12

or council for economic development that initiated the concept of"stabilizing budget policy"purely indicating reliance on economy's built-in automatic stabilizers?The theory that stabilised tax rate for a sufficient period was allowed to change when gross national product equally declined and the people had less income to be taxed.Hence,this put more money into peoples'pocket and did not allow consumer spending to deeply decline and instead of deeper recession the economy,cushioned by stable consumer spending inched its way towards prosperity once again.By the summer of 1954 it was a great success and recession worries slowly ebbed.Some economists baffled were inspired to ask in their problem set:Why had these stabilizers worked so effectively well during Eisenhower period and not during the depresion era?The answer was simple public spending and government involvement had grown exponentially than the depression era.Many thanks to Keynesian world machine driving the American economy.Moreover,we recall the

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 11

The act required the formation of a group called council of economic advisers by the president and the main job was to enable the presidency to analyse and asses the economic climate,forecast the future and making tedious fiscal policy decision.It was charged with the responsibility of helping the president actualise the intent of the act:"to promote maximum employment,production and purchasing power".There was so much commitment to the act that guarrantees full employment through the fiscal policy,centralising all previous programs initiated to deal with employment problems.When korean war ended United States participation ended too and then stalled the economy that had no later growth in consumer demand.When Eisenhower was afflicted with the highest level of unemployment since the great depresion what did he do in the face offierce resistance and stronglyworded opposition and recommendation that besieged him?Did he support the traditionalists that favour tax increase or the council for economic development

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 10

In the same way,Milton Friedman doubted the capability of central bankers to effectively handle the monetary management,keynes admirers believedhe underestimated the capability of the American economy to produce and it did and burstonce again into wartime prosperity.Solving the 25 percent unemployment nightmare of the depression as inflation not unemployment constituted the fundamental economicproblem of that great economy by the 50s,60s and 70s period of stagflation when keynesian backfired.The political concept of using the expenditural and taxation or fiscal power to control national economics was begun during Rooseveltian times.Spending during the period was only 10 percent of total national output compared to 35% in the 90s to 2000.This keynesian approach a high level of spending might have empowered many americans to take control of their destinies at the same dependent on government.One of the practical aspects of implementing keynesian was the employment act of 1946,to test keynesian in real life.

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 9.

deeply sinking.It took a long time for his ideology to gain ground and discipleship,deeply guided the Rooseveltian New Deal.And despite the inconsistencies in the application of the New deal programs,it was well amplified to see the end of depression.Roosevelt though was politically often regarded as liberal and many economists would call him economic conservative and he was prokeynesian just like many of his economic advisers were great admirers of keynes.Marina Eccles the helmsman at the Federal Reserve during the period was another keynes'follower.Roosevelt himself distrusted the policy of lowering taxes and increasing government spending to basically solve depression logjam.However the government proceeded or moved forward with spending and when pulled back reflected the pendulum volatilities of applied policy inconsistencies so that slight progress alternated with declines in the early 1940s.The major turnaround was the wartime economy that badly needed production and supplies of weapons for the allies.

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 8

all businesses compete equally.The complex nature of mordern economy seems to have defied the tenacity and pragmatism of this logic.Despite significant price and wages'changes over time,full employment not yet guarranteed,excluding the phenomenon of year 2000 when the United States experienced full employment equilibrium as the biggest peacetime historic expansion.I think for more than twenty years apart from 1980s'classicallike decrease in Reaganomics'marginal tax rates of the period,till 2000,no broadbased keynesian policy adopted.Obama era eclipsed this era and defied this logic to create25million jobs.Herbert Hoover's belief in depression era turnaround was considered naive byeconomists of the later period for his optimistic message of immanent prosperity was been based on discredited classical tradition as opposed to revolutionary total spending theory.The rocking boat metaphor was suitable only to classical tradition of a battered economy where rocking boat persist far too long and the boat was deeply

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 7

another theory of consumption and investment and warned both could go down indefinitely and that economy would not leap towards full employment.He pointed out once decline set in,investment decline would eventually leads to wages'decline and crash purchasing power of the workforce and of whom would be declining in size as the decline grows in momentum.With declining income,there is declining spending and declining fund to be ploughed back into business to drive investment.This self replicating cycle would spell economic disaster without government intervention.The classical model that held equilibrium guarrantees prosperity :high employment,low inflation made keynes thought otherwise,a foolproof of Hegellian dialectics that thrives intellectual history.And there was no assurance aggregate intended expenditure equals GDP with the intention to grow full employment.He also challenged as completely irrational,the classical economists'view about flexibility of wages and prices where they assume all bussinesses

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 6

of the economy.Keynes enthused differently tocritiquethem that a fall in investment spending automaticallywould not stimulate growth in consumerspending and could trigger a perenial decline.Infact,he argued both could go down permanently without intervention andcould operate once decline set inas a sort of self replicating phenomenon and to be so deplorable to crash total demand indefinitely.He challenged the classical economists'notion that without intervention such decline would repair itself automatically;a wild wild goose chase.He debunked the notion that supply creates its own demand and that the economy,was determined or dependent on keeping demand high,by all means,fair or foul.This demand side economics was truly revolutionary and was beyond the comprehension of orthodox economists in general and indeed frightening.To be believethat market economy would invariably move towards full employment heconsidered as insanity of economics.This was evidenced in the great depression of 1930s when he introduced

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 5

of flux with its variegated byproducts,intermitent rediscovery of new inventions continuously to shrug off old products now and then for innovative technology.These fluctuations are inevitable according to Schumpeter who maintained without with economy's stagnation is not negotiable and optimal growth impossible.John Maynard Keynes himself must have learnt about the american experience during the first world war and thereafter was a great student of history.His view was not only controversial and disarmingly different but breathtaking total departure from mainstream orthodoxiesof the period.The disciples of J.B.Says basically held to the viewpoint that consumers tend to spend their income in two ways:either consume it on products andservices,or lend it for use in businesses,that would in turn maximise its value and expand.They assume in balance if consumption demand goes up,investment demand goes down and viceversa.This in either way,would keep total demand high up and then ensures general prosperity of the

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 4

first to discover how good time influences bad time and bad time influences good time,a self generated business cycle that became popular thereafter.He warned if care was not taken,the capitalist would not be able extract itself from bad time and that the crash was inevitable.American capitalism paid dearly for productivity to be regained,had to fight two world wars to generate increased productivity,and Marx indeed was a prophet.While David Ricardo and Thomas Malthus,had prophesied a limit to economic growth,Marx and Joseph Schumpeter struck and overwhelmed by the boom and burst cycles of economics,almost towed the same line but Schumpeter eventually totally disagreed.Schumpeter invariably banked his prospect on the boom side of business cycle,contrary to the former's belief on the burst.Schumpeter gazed at the boom side and called it"Regeneration"and was fond of the dynamic nature of capitalism where the boom and burst cycle could be likened to a system undergoing continual metamorphosis,often in a state...

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 3

and supplies grew,unemployment sharply declined.Was it not surprising when in just a year and a half later say 1918 to 1919,the returning soldiers entirely found a different situation?That factories closed down,unionism and support for the unions shrank to zero,unemployment rose again back to its natural state because production crashed,and products and supplies barely demanded,poverty equally rose and labour strikes rampant,all because the war ended.Turmoil grew and given negative outcome of the dramatic change of event, nurtured by business cycle,there was attendant loss of faith in the capitalist system.During the same period,Marx exponential surge of ideas,gladdened the heart of the proletariat who felt he was speaking directly to them.He glorified the workers who according to him were not appreciated, repressed and heavily exploited by the capitalist machine,yet it was the worker that produced goods and services and value based products that made the economy thick.Before anybody else ever did,he was the

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 2

the selfmaintenance powers of the system and the notion of continuous spending either by purchase of goods and services or by investment will stimulate long run production.The economy of the 19th century was startlingly much more resilient than the saturated epoch of today,specifically its capacity to recover from potential challenges prior to its swing into another direction.The american economy experienced severe decline in early 20th century,preceding World war 1 when investment declined like production,in the face of ballooned unemployment.The prejudice that government intervention and the notion that tampering with the free market mechanism would make things worse blanketed the viewpoints of Americans like a chilling fog.When in 1914,they began to support war effort with production,jobs proliferated everywhere including agroallied surplus and food production.Infact,by the time Americans as world citizens,with armed services entered the war in 1917,and catapulted the military production of weapons and....

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 1

Did the Americans ever interogate much the economic flunctuations of the nineteeth century?Of course not but apparently started to notice them,inspite of the expansion in the railroad and specifically the expansion in the overseas trade, that created diverse industries of many forms.Almost everyone was swept up in the monumental tide of general prosperity.A cascade despite temporary slumps and periodic setbacks that persisted till 1920s.I think there were barely a handful of primordial thinkers prior to the time who did notice the contrast between prosperity and crash or its linkage where one glorious rise could lead to demoted fall,with scanty tendencies to debate in terms of causes and effects.Still,it would take some years for professional economists to evolve tangible and pelucid theories about the influence of how one economic condition precipitated the latter.Infact up till the twenties,or broadly speaking the twentieth century economists in general still adhered to J.B.Says'law and believing the self

ECLECTICS:WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM KEYNES?PART 1

Did the Americans ever interogate much the economic flunctuations of the nineteeth century?Of course not but apparently started to notice them,inspite of the expansion in the railroad and specifically the expansion in the overseas trade, that created diverse industries of many forms.Almost everyone was swept up in the monumental tide of general prosperity.A cascade despite temporary slumps and periodic setbacks that persisted till 1920s.I think there were barely a handful of primordial thinkers prior to the time who did notice the contrast between prosperity and crash or its linkage where one glorious rise could lead to demoted fall,with scanty tendencies to debate in terms of causes and effects.Still,it would take some years for professional economists to evolve tangible and pelucid theories about the influence of how one economic condition precipitated the latter.Infact up till the twenties,or broadly speaking the twentieth century economists in general still adhered to J.B.Says'law and believing the self

A CHILD PRODIGY.PART 1

Sitting on the ricketty cabinet,relinquished infront of the house,a child prodigy cackled at the vain of becoming a philosopher.Now,having jettisoned the erstwhile notion of being a cabin boy and a commander at 45,was inspired by the oratory of a don who dazzled the crowd at a conference,attended by luminaries and dignitaries from foreign countries.He thought so philosophy was the only way to impress the pompous magnitude.Not contented then repositioned himself to pay attention to the delight mounted on the foregrip of his rifled mind.And he couldnt sleep then pull on his unkempt sandals and headed to the waiting lodge and hotel at nkata where the famous professor of nkata was lodged by the event organisers.He was lucky to evade the crowd and placed his little hands in his broad hands and broad chest and uttered hispassion as the don stroked the rash growing on his face and also stupefied to the admiration of waiting crowd."prof,can u teach me more about that philosophy that you said contributed to World wars

LEARN HOW TO MAKE MONEY.PART 4

Leverage yourself to make money and here your time through other efforts make multiple sources of income yourself and maximise the quality use of your time.It can also be called Use Other peoples time(OPT) as opposed to other peoples money(OPM).The capitalists,captains of industry make most of their money through this OPT mechanism and every smart worker does the same.When you offer valuable service the reward is money and the more valuable the service the greater the reward you receive.Given the rise in the competition to make money and your determination to be rich,it is proventhat the total figure will not be realised until your visionary desire has given youthe audacity to adopt the OPT-OPM mechanism.When you perpetually think on this framework how you can do better whatever you do much more effectively and improving their quality and quantity one is bound to reach downright impossible target,receiving greater reward for greater service rendered.Then earn money that is often in your mental consciousness.

LEARN HOW TO MAKE MONEY.PART 3

Now,it shows this 97 percent learn how to make money the stressful way and that is their only form of entrepreneurship.It is unhealthy and outdated.Thereare four proven money making strategies:trading time for money;investing to make money;use other peoples money and create leverage to earn yourself money.The first and most commonly used begins with ordinary desire andlater visionladen trade time to make money.They compromise on the quality of their human capital and often run out of time.They with the struggling life never get what they want.Investing to make money,use other peoples money and leverage for personal money making based on visionary desire is used by approximately 3percent of the informed population.Those who use these method especially investing to make money follow the advice of trusted and knowledgeable advisers.Using other peoples money follow similar approach without having a dime create framework for visionary desire and can now be trusted with invested capital.The last leveraging yourself

LEARN HOW TO MAKE MONEY.PART 2

With informed stance,guided by learnt skills,mentorship,innovation,written plans and standard framework,you would begin to maximise the quality of time usage and begin to deliver optimal impact.Hence,it is advisable to embrace that form of desire.Now when you start entrepreneurship you create products to sell and offer services with the same motive.We know abit about how to make money in this context.The funniest part of it is that most brilliant people hardly make money and broke and there are functional,miseducated illiterates,that have become multimillionaires.Studies show 97 out of 100 live their entire lives and later die without learning how to makemoney.Yet they pass ignorance to their generation and they too generation after them.The rest of this behemoth figure if ever any knowledge learn how to make money stressfully.Therefore,there are two methods of making money the stressful method and nonstressful method and i preffer latter to accelerate money making process yet delivering even better result.

LEARN HOW TO MAKE MONEY.PART 1

The best way we know today about how to make money is to be an entrepreneur.This common knowledge however in practice must begin with a desire having identified your direction and the nature of business involved.Little wonder Napoleon Hill says"Desire is the starting point of all achievement".But it fails to categorise and differentiate the quality and quantitative effect power of the desire.We noticed the two forms and both can be effective but if we take informed verdict we will very well and choose wisely so as not to waste time and maximise time investment.This kind of desire is quite different from ordinary desire and that is why i call it visionary desire and that is the true entrepreneurial desire the kind that creates lasting wealth and the true wealth creator.Ordinary desire undertakes a lengthy approach a triar and error approach and it rely on luck to succeed.A resultant failure will ignite starting point all over again and will beforced to embrace vision laden desire,for a new round but informed.

A NATURE'S TRIPS.PART 15

drone dirge,pleading glowworm,with petty flickering bats'picnics and terse whistling cut like a dash through distant sky.Lonesome daisy at the lone little brooklet,glittering at the sea.Sunbeam sets,prodigal of blue sunset till sunrise,sparsely nature,beclouded hut or barn's traveling snowflakes where swampy glebeland grows blackash and dry glebe the whiteash,to the thrush at the woods and hawk bound the open sky.In sand,sun and meadow blinks old mothertoad,with little toad wink and wink as she winked.Stooping bough spring blow beneath glossy yellow primrose,making overture at wandering bees,gusto around elm-tree where moss and fern creep,jubilating couple coloured sky.A brinded cow,for stippling rose moles that swim the wings of the finches,of the fall,windy and ploughed landscape,of fresh firecoat chestnut falls and the eloquent radiance of the warm,sunshine and the greenfields.The forester's truehearted oddysey at this truss,trundling and trundling,with tryst at a recess,took a truncheon beatforestpathhome

A NATURE'S TRIPS.PART 14

with melifluous silent glen,Robinlike jerky and adamant mimes and rhapsodizes vireo's song,street ryhymy-like Sparrow and fluty.Did he moeking doughty ehewink to flint the jay's call and match crazy bobolink like medowlark's frisky roundelay?Sad as woodpewees yet sparkles as the Oriole's sweet tone.The Catbird not hue like his peevish mew.How does he feels the forester thinks at that little blackcap chickadee chirping at the palisade?A hearty welcome to the heart,mistrelsy of the woods,snowbird songs merrysinging Chickadee.In Walden wood,runs round the pine and mapletree slaughtering insects.Rakish eye on plenished crop,naked ashtree top.Now the revue picketed and spectated brawls betwixt the tweedledum and tweedledee at daggers drawn,And tar barreled monstrous ebony crow,yonder flies on treetop venting maligned caw at shore.The Raven will not be cowed in the dark yen tree tombahut wherein the autumn burn,Yewberries and morose lamps nocturnal dreary cocks with silverhorn twig and dew round whispering,glooming

A NATURE'S TRIPS.PART 13

in gilded roses.Sundyed dewy crop grown wings,swinging'neath Salvia's Coral cup,an reincarnated gemstone sojourner,golden darts to and fro,with ruby crust emerald plumes.Syphlike winces,a dew becoated humid Sun,on maple prong,jewelled sprite burnished by headwagging cheeping inglorious songs across wild broods,a spring of summer sun,nesting on morphean bough,dripping bill in bignonia's bloom.Woodpecker,a wizard of the woods,drill his cells in the oaken trees,where he buries his acorns.Now tweedy walking shoes shifted to bluebird.A skyey heralded,blue tabarded bugged bluebird heavensward,triggered with azured tremolo,the wildcat saphired cloud.The bird rose close to the lily bloom lay slain at long carol of the blustering gales.Blue jay,burnished steel,swift defiant cry,harsh hinge grating squeal,coward and sneaky dart,the forest's chaplain mouth agape,the Crowland's birds.The Cardinal bird too is a minstrel trampling minstrels,a gliding treehoppers whereon his scarlet grows and flutes the autumn woods........

A NATURE'S TRIPS.PART 12

like wildfire his wilderness wiggle.The hunting expedition of the wildebeests,wildboars,wildfowls and freshwater acute widgeons,periwinkles as wildcat wiggings kept his wicket gone wild.And a wrinkling wrinkle out that long jettisoned woods-thither his winepresses and the wineskins,for winebibing,nor memoir of his vixenish scolding and wire-haired terrier adorned his wiggle.How come hazel piped catbirds bold sailor sunlit skydeep tell the seedtime with unseen drifting,in the hazy cry,circling the no thoroughfare of the tidewater.From the south,it flew withered and parched land,sky gleaming burning prairie soil blown in dankgrass saphirebed alone,redflamingos deep horde dark morass.From an evanescence tigerish tilt and a revolving wheel,to tinder emerald's glistening Cochineal's rush,tumbling head through treetop,a monster bee and midget birds that yon stirred marigold on voluble thicket.A flowerfed hummingbird,at golden morn's bleest sun,sheen dewy hot woodbines,chirping in furnace glow of the crimson drest.

A NATURE'S TRIPS.PART 11

gallivant.A splurge of spit and polish of split personality,spleened his brownstudy and splendiferous stagestruck.The leaves poked with resplendent shoots of spruces and bright lightning splashed over a glade of dancing ferns and timbrous logs.Wandering when the pine trees condescend to listen to muttering autumn winds,to nuance black poplars with comedy.The clustered tombstones,forlorn reeds and jagged cliffs beneath valley,clouded dimness of the wild violets with the mist's burried cerements.The syrupy standoffish,deadwood's riverie,the speaking waves,skirmishing feet,meadow and woods'hungry roving eyes,rain filled furrows mused as the wolverine wandered off jostling stalks.Soft petals mingled with smoothbean and wrinkled pea,fallen from the appletrees,waterless desert barking hot,coldfreezing antarctic polar bears hibernating,in the hardest winter,'neath snow,drifted long distance on snow,ferrying staples,the earth crumbs to feeding quarters.The Sun's glimmering willows,breeze trembling aspens,rumbling....

A NATURE'S TRIPS.PART 10

at noon,till the perhellion cawed over his boodle.O,wild is the only pebble on his beach!Sobbing seas,nearest and dearest,in the lines of sights,black cormorant on bare branches as if like pleading birds,a wild chaplain beseechs liniments to excrete his excrescence,yea dilletante!Unbowed,he did suffocate his finicky palsy walsy fingerprints to be burnt,let alone a gauchy laze at the exhaustive nature's oddysey.A pedestrian's wondrous chargrin alight in amplitude infinity.How the obese Sun slaps and slides its yolk on the ocean's floor and the trees'cleverly woven sticks sport with divertissimento,birds with melanoma foaming rays.To those who bathed in Euphrates at the sparklest dawn and those nile apologists that built great pyramids,not miserable like the mise-enscenes of the shortsighted longshot,hath grown deep like the rivers,in immortal sun.When the nocturnal rains in the wood,sensual fragrance felt like a melange of leaves and musk where morels evanesced and raptured presence of those chanterelles.....

A NATURE'S TRIPS.PART 9.

Carpet and memoirs of the Papaya,Pomengrate and Eucalyptus trees butted by blackbirds,bluebirds,crows,wind's enfanterible juvenile swifts,hebrons and the nightingales,jostling in the coefficient of expansion,pedicured on their coattails,hereditary peers of the wilds,sometimes as the notorious woodpecker woodpecks,the redflamingos,catbirds,some gliders and the pheasants alight on brusselsprouts,papyruses,capgrasses,pampas grasses and heart'seases to collywobble at the elflike peeptom of the peepers,the cougars,wolfs,vultures,hyenas and leonine peculators,cawing and cranking off to palladium,eurythmically cricketing the waves.And lo,ere the cockcrows,the piggy forester's otherworldly,a wildlife pigeonhole,a paleface papoose of the new world,a pigheaded pigiron,a palladin wore his paisley as the wild pigment struck memoirs,not gourmet his parmesan cheese,pappadum and paella,crossing the palisade,from the pedestrian precinct,a pedestrian pedant rose to the woods,to quench opalescent navy blue thirst.Still piggy..

BUNNY GIRLS.Part 2

A divisive wall in the bard's vicinage,comme-ilfaut-less cockleshells,across dualcompound,colleens at fisticuff,eavesdroping mellow,earfulglued at simulated dingdong.Dissonances on the distaff side,eardrum modulated frequency coagulated.His tremolo yells,as they divvy up with velocity at dizzyingheight.Let them part like delta!Will they part,to sequestrate pulchritude and celibate?O really!.Hilarious corpus,a comic strip ducked with commissaries of sloths and bunny girls prostituting company manners and composmentis aboard titanic wreckages.Deflowered golden brownies,decommissioned sailors in the saturnalia boat,dyhydrated corpus golden bliss,and defiled it with guttersnipes and street urchins.Delirious dejavu and deleterious delusion,at that deluged farhrenheit,gangsters on corpus mellow.What diaphanous dewdrop of misery bungled by diddling devil-may-care archipelagos whosedibble will not be remorsed even when its dice is cast at diatribes and censure.Let motherhood and genealogy,dinkum childhood dinky dins.

BUNNY GIRLS.Part 1

Is n't it quirky,a Siroco blowing from the north to southpoles,a sizzler,a scorcher,sinewy,a sinedie sinecure,and behold,the ubiquity of the skinflick's sinuos blanket,a skulduggery,slaky inferno of the slags and the ilks.At noontide,windowpane slanting,bard on the sofa,ducked in brownstudy,scribbling a doggerel and then a slattern,bumptious virago,she spoke in the second person singular,a dissipated bunghole,somehow slangy and a slap and tickle,slapdashed with volleys of slapsticks,sledging the bard's slice of life.And then the first person singular the sleeky damsel gulled in the cosseted duplex,sometimes as tutelary tut-tuts the turncoat treadle,her oak subsided,at last in the duologue,bunged and fallen on the treadmill's landmine. smothered.Alas,acrobatic bunny girls on the sprout like brusselsprouts,bunkering licentious bunsen burner.Teased by machismos to Burgundy wine,dunced with bibliophiliac frolics,a golden nest of clam and clambake.Clangerdroppers as the cockcrows,cockcrows as the clangerdroppers.

ST.VALENTINE:GEOFREY CHAUCER'S PARLIAMENT OF FOWLS.PART 4

Scholars like Henry Ansgar kelly and a host of others believed otherwisethat Chaucer was refering to May 3 instead.And it was a day when a bishop,the Valentine of Genoa died and was commemorated in A.D.307.Writing about the summer in the 'Parliament of fowls',with the lines," St Valentine,that art full high aloft,thus singen,smalle fowles for thy sake".The poem deals with the arrival of summer and early May seems to be ideal day for the best valentine day instead of mid february and it explains again vividly differences in the celebrating periods worldwide.The last evidence that was deduced that adds credence to May 3 theory is that;it was in 1381 that Richard 11 was engaged to Anne of Bohemia and Chaucer possibly wrote the poem the following year to celebrate and mark the anniversary of that great betrothal.We are certainly as mankind great students of history and great custodian of freedom thathistory bestows which we made possible as tireless watchers standing on great walls of freedom to defend freedom.

ST.VALENTINE:GEOFREY CHAUCER'S PARLIAMENT OF FOWLS.PART 3

the first days of May trailingbehind them,their ducklings.Birds'instinct for gathering nesting materials can be noticed even January and depending on how wild the winter is,so they start mating by late February.Nevertheless,February 14,is a probability and May too is right but far too late for the first mating of the year.If Chaucer did write,he did so or was writing under the influence of the Julian calendar and his February 14 was closer to the end of February by the standard of mordern Gregorian calendar.Ordinarily we imbibed valentine from ornithological studies and certainly the ancient or pagans fired the first salvo,from which almost allwestern norms emanated from.They begin courtship and mating quite early in February which is why valentine begins during theperiod in some parts of the world.Some critics have pointed to midfebruary as an unlike time of theyears for birds to mate especially in England.Unlike the general norm in which feb 14 was established as a christian feast day of the saint valentine

ST.VALENTINE:GEOFREY CHAUCER'S PARLIAMENT OF FOWLS.PART 2

However,the differences in the festival dates worldwide can be linked to the birds'mating and courtship period which falls through similar Valentine period.You know the birds courtship takes weeks and startling evidences abound.For instance in New England,USA,when they first gather in the area after migration,depending on the type of birds of both gender,perhaps do not arrive together.Take for instance red winged blackbirds.Besides the Mallards(ducks) that come in pairs having selected patner in the prior fall,they arrive together in February.Mating plummage takes time in some birds to fully reflect,when some feathers colour change to drive attraction.Plummage is in full colour when both sexes are present.They tend to show off their prowess at nestprotection to the females that is when they go through a process of male sparing.This is particularly common with redwinged blackbird and it leads to selection of patners and nest building begins.It begins for Mallards in February when they move in pairs and by the

ST.VALENTINE:GEOFREY CHAUCER'S PARLIAMENT OF FOWLS.PART 1

Did Chaucer popularised by his book 'Canterbury Tales'in the Parliament Of Fowls'ever invent the Valentine day of love and Romance?If not who did and gave the inspiration to mankind?Why did variation to the festival still differs worldwide till date?The Blogger Ibikunle Laniyan explores historical sources and punditry about the literary origin of Valentine to unveil the answers.We strictly borrowed clues from the tapestry of nature's incredible insigts.Enjoy the reading. It is not too unorthodox to be enthused that most of the western values had pagan origin.Certainly,it has an iota of truth and not only the Valentine days of love and romance,but also earlier pagan festivals share similarities in values and contexts with Christmas,Easter and Halloween.According to a thoughtful comments in a blogpost though valentine days all over the world,are not often been celebrated on February 14 as widely acclaimed but there are also startling evidences that it coincided and imbibed values from the bird mating days.